Intro To SLP- Final Flashcards
Agrammatism
Language characterized by predominance of content words (verbs and nouns) and absence of functors (articles, prepositions); characteristic of Broca’s aphasia
Amplitude
The distance an object moves from its resting position during vibration
Aneurysm
Bulge in the wall of an artery resulting from weakness
Anomia
Without words; difficulty retrieving the names, objects, pictures, or concepts
Anoxia
Lack of oxygen
Aphasia
Language disorder affecting phonology, grammar, semantics, and pragmatic as well as reading and writing caused by focal brain damage
Apraxia
Neurological damage resulting in inconsistent speech production abilities
Aspiration
The presence of food or liquid in the airway below the level of the true vocal folds
Ataxia
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by errors in the direction, force, and timing of movements resulting from cerebellar damage
Athetosis
Congenital neuromuscular disorder characterized by writhing involuntary movement caused by extrapyramidal tract damage
Audiogram
Graph depicting the threshold of audibility (in decibels) as a function of different frequencies
Augmentative communication
Different forms of communication including devices and aids
Bolus
Food after it has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Cerebral palsy
Syndrome of deficits in visual, auditory, intellectual, and motor functions in the critical early development period for speech and language
Cerumen
Tacky yellow or brown substance secreted by oil glands in the external auditory meatus; commonly known as earwax
Child-centered approaches
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Chronological age
The use of years and months to determine a child’s age and to compare him or her with other children of the same age
Circumlocution
Circuitous description of a word that cannot be recalled
Cochlea
Coiled tube in the inner ear that houses the sensory cells for hearing; a structure on the inner ear that converts the mechanical energy received from the middle ear into an electrochemical code for transmission to the brain
Cochlear implant
Device that is surgically placed in the cochlea and provides auditory stimulation for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss
Comprehension
The ability to understand language (the opposite of expression)
Content
Refers to the meaning of language; known as semantics
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident; stroke
Dysarthria
Neuromuscular speech disorder
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing or an inability to swallow
Edema
Accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities; usually results in a swelling of the tissues
Embolus
Moving clot from another part of the body that may lodge and interrupt the blood supply
Endoscopy
Examination of the interior of a canal or hollow space; the insertion of a flexible scope through the nose to look at the anatomy or the pharynx and to observe the pharynx and larynx before and after swallowing
Eustachian tube
The canal that connects the middle ear cavity to the back of the throat; opens briefly to equalize pressure in the middle ear
Evidence-based practice
Making assessment and treatment decisions by integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
External auditory meatus
The canal that directs sounds from the pinna to that tympanic membrane
Form
Structure of language, including syntax, morphology, and phonology
Frequency
The number of cycles of vibration completed in 1 sec measured in hertz
G-tube
Feeding tube that is placed directly into the stomach through an incision in the skin
Hearing threshold
Softest sound a patient can hear and respond to at least 50% of the time
Hematoma
Encapsulated blood from a broken blood vessel
Hemiplegia
Paralysis or weakness on one side of then body; typically the side affected is opposite the side of the brain injury
Hemorrhage
Bleeding from a broken artery or vein
Homonymous hemianopsia
Loss of vision in part of the visual field caused by brain injury
Hyperreflexia
Abnormally increased reflexes result ng from nervous system damage
Hypertonicity
Abnormally increased background activity of a muscle resulting from nervous system damage
Hypotonicity
Abnormally decreased background activity f a muscle resulting from nervous system damage
Literature based language intervention
An approach to language intervention in which all the language therapy activities are related to a children’s book
Modified barium swallow
A moving x-ray picture of a swallow
Multidisciplinary assessment
Members of an assessment team conduct their own independent assessments of the child’s abilities that relate to their own interest areas; in a summary meeting, each member of the team shares his or her findings and recommends treatment; emphasis is on the parts of the child rather than the whole child
Neoglism
A new word that may be meaningless
NG-tube, nasogastric tube
A feeding tube that goes through the nose, through the pharynx, and into the stomach
Ossicular chain
The three interconnected bonds in the middle ear that conduct vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea
Otitis media
Infection of the middle ear
Paraphasia
Mixing up sounds in words; common in Wernicke’s aphasia
Peristalsis
The contraction of smooth muscle to propel food through the digestive tract
Phonological awareness
A type of metalinguistic awareness; knowledge of the sequence of sounds that make up words; ability to identify the phoneme structure of words
Pinna
On the outer ear, the visible flap of skin attached to the head
Sound propagation
Movement of vibration through a medium brought about by collisions between neighboring particles
Specific language impairment
Difficulties acquiring language in the absence of any other mental, sensory, motoric, emotional, or experiential deficits
Specific learning disorder
A disorder of n the psychological processes involved in learning that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations
Spondee words
A 2 syllable word pronounced with equal emphasis on both syllables; used in testing the SRT
Spontaneous recovery
Recovery from stroke resulting from physiological and reorganizational changes in the brain and not attributable to rehabilitation
Thrombosis
Accumulation of material within an artery; when complete it causes as stroke
TIA
Transient ischemic attack; temporarily interruption of blood flow to an area of the brain; the effects typically resolve within 24 hours
Transdisciplinary assessment
When a team of professionals works together to evaluate a child; members of the team are not limited to the evaluation of any single area of development
Tympanic membrane
The cone shaped layer of tissue that separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear cavity; the malleus is connected to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane
Use
Language use refers to the social aspects of language which are also called pragmatics
