Phoenicopteriiformes Journal Article Quick Review Flashcards
Compare clinical chemical analyte differences between greater flamingos and American flamingos. How did values differ in juveniles vs adults for each spp?
Leineweber, C., Lücht, M., Reese, L., Marschang, R. E., & Gohl, C. (2022). Comparison of clinical chemistry analytes in greater flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) and american flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber) in a zoo in europe. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 53(1), 187-193.
Differences were observed between species and for age group (NOT sex).
Significant differences between spp - Amylase, AST, CK, Ca
Greater flamingo juveniles had higher CK, LDH
American flamingo juveniles had higher BA, P, Ca
What drug resulted in a hypocoagulability effect in domestic chickens and chilean flamingos?
Wonn, A. M., Brooks, M. B., Hu, H., & Gamble, K. C. (2022). Hypocoagulability effect of adequan in domestic chickens (gallus gallus) and chilean flamingos (phoenicopterus chilensis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 53(1), 126-132.
Case reports of hemorrhagic diatheses in several avian spp with use of adequan.
Added adequan to plasma 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg and measured fibrinogen and thrombin clotting time (TCT).
Both 5 and 10 mg/kg samples demonstrated significantly prolonged TCT, indicating hypocoagulability.
Inverse relationship between fibrinogen and clotting time in flamingos.
Adequan at 1 mg/kg had no statistically significant or clinically relevant impact.
What species experienced erosive enteritis and intestinal obstruction with ingestion of decomposed granite substrate?
Sanchez, C. R., Pich, A., & Collinsworth, S. (2019). Erosive Enteritis and Intestinal Obstructions Caused by Decomposed Granite in a Flock of Lesser Flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 33(1), 72-81.
Lesser flamingos - At high risk due to smaller intestinal size. Lesser flamingos normally feed on diatoms/algae (Phoeniconaias genus; similar to Phoenicoparrus genus which includes Andean and Jame’s flamingo).
Birefringent crystals within material removed from ventriculus corresponded to microscopic silica grains that caused chronic erosive lesions/mechanical damage in GIT.
All birds ultimately treated with oral GI protectants, psyllium, laxatives, lubricants and antibiotics in drinking water.
Describe pathogenesis of capture myopathy and possible tx options in flamingos.
McEntire, M. S., & Sanchez, C. R. (2017). Multimodal drug therapy and physical rehabilitation in the successful treatment of capture myopathy in a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 31(3), 232-238.
Capture myopathy aka exertional rhabdomyolysis.
Muscle necrosis leads to myoglobin and K+ in systemic circulation, renal tubular necrosis and heart failure + lactic acidosis and death. Lesions - Pale streaking in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Tx - Multimodal; Fluids, corticosteroids, sodium bicarb, methocarbamol muscle relaxant, haloperidol anxiolytic, vit E and Se, PT, nutritional support.
What was observed on paired analysis of pigmented plasma samples from American flamingos using a Vetscan vs standard benchtop analyzer?
Gancz, A. Y., Eshar, D., & Beaufrère, H. (2019). Paired biochemical analysis of pigmented plasma samples from zoo-kept american flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber) using a point-of-care and a standard wet chemistry analyzer. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 50(3), 619-626.
Canthaxanthine causes bright yellow coloration of flamingo plasma samples. May interfere with biochemical analysis that relies on colorimetric enzymatic reactions.
All plasma samples were bright yellow. Reported as icterus 2+ on Vetscan.
Unable to read UA in any Vetscan samples. BA was below the measurable limit.
Higher K on Vetscan.
AST within clinical allowable error but outside acceptance limits.
Ca and Na only analytes within acceptance and clinical allowable error.
Cannot recommend Vetscan for plasma UA in flamingos.
Describe PK of oral and IM meloxicam single dose in American flamingos.
What was observed with SC administration of a sustained meloxicam formulation?
Boonstra, J. L., Cox, S. K., & Martin-Jimenez, T. (2017). Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after intramuscular and oral administration of a single dose to American flamingos (Phoenicopertus ruber). American journal of veterinary research, 78(3), 267-273.
Single dose IM meloxicam resulted in short period of adequate plasma concentration (<1hr), oral did not reach plasma target concentration.
Extent and rate of meloxicam absorption less with oral vs IM administration.
No adverse effects.
Sim, R. R., & Cox, S. K. (2018). Pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release formulation of meloxicam after subcutaneous administration to American flamingos (Phoenicopterus Ruber). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 49(4), 839-843.
Sustained release meloxicam does not seem to extend the terminal half-life compared to normal formulation and would therefore not extend the interval between tx vs regular meloxicam.
General PK of oral mavacoxib in caribbean flamingos?
Huckins, G. L., Carpenter, J. W., Dias, S., & KuKanich, B. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of oral mavacoxib in caribbean flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber ruber). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(1), 53-58.
Mavacoxib 6 mg/kg orally reaches plasma target concentrations in caribbean flamingos and lasts 5-7 days.
No adverse effects.
General PK of oral gabapentin in caribbean flamingos?
Browning, G. R., Carpenter, J. W., Magnin, G. C., & KuKanich, B. (2018). Pharmacokinetics of oral gabapentin in Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 49(3), 609-616.
Gabapentin single dose 25 mg/kg PO is likely to maintain plasma concentrations above target for approximately 12 hrs (most flamingos).
No adverse effects. Mild sedation reported in Amazons with IV administration. Overdose in a prairie falcon resulted in diarrhea and dull mentation that resolved over time.
General PK of PO and SC enrofloxacin in carribbean flamingos?
Enrofloxacin 15 mg/kg PO or SC consistently absorbed and bioavailable. No adverse effects.
Ciprofloxacin was minimal.
Recommended dose enrofloxacin 15 mg/kg PO or SC q24h.
Compare capillary zone electrophoresis in greater flamingos vs American flamingos.
Leineweber, C., Gohl, C., Lücht, M., & Marschang, R. E. (2021). Comparison of capillary zone electrophoresis in greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) and American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 35(2), 180-186.
CZW is fully automated, less labor intensive, faster, cheaper vs agar gel electrophoresis. Also better repeatability and reproducibility and better separation of protein fractions.
Only the c-globulin fraction showed significant differences between the greater and American glamingos. C globulins in greater flamingos increased with age.
Females had higher albumin for both spp. Males had higher globulin, especially alpha globulin.
Albumin levels measured by BCG are falsely high in birds because a portion of the globulins, especially the alpha-globulins, react with the BCG reagent. BCG not appropriate for the correct determination of alb in avian samples.
