Pelecaniformes Journal Article Quick Review Flashcards
Name some normal anatomical ocular findings in white pelicans. What bacteria was abundant on conjunctival swabs, suggesting benign flora?
Kinney, M. E., Ericsson, A. C., Franklin, C. L., Whiting, R. E., & Pearce, J. W. (2017). Ocular findings and select ophthalmic diagnostic tests in captive american white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine: official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 48(3), 675.
Unique ophthalmic features:
Absent filoplumes
Iris color varied from blue to brown, unrelated to sex
Conjunctiva normally hyperemic vs other spp
Ellipsoid pupil (most avian spp round pupils)
Microbiota PCR revealed abundance of Mycoplasma spp, suggesting benign flora.
Describe effects of capture, restraint, and transport on blood parameters of Dalmatian pelicans.
Kinney, M. E. (2018). The effects of capture, restraint, and transport on hematologic, plasma biochemical, and blood gas values in Dalmatian pelicans (Pelecanus crispus). Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 32(2), 95-101.
Timeline from baseline (capture) to post-transport 74 min later.
Increases - H:L ratio, CO2, PCO2, HCO3, BE
Decreases - TP, lactate, phos, SO2, PO2, WBC
Increased H:L ratio consistent with restraint in hyacinth macaws.
General PK single dose of oral meloxicam in brown pelicans.
Administered 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam PO.
Elimination half life was the longest reported of any avian spp to date (36 hrs).
Bimodal peak in plasma concentration - 0.5-1 hr after drug administration and then again at 24h. Also present in loggerheads, Af greys.
Potential risk of toxic effects, anecdotal visceral gout, GI ulcers.
General PK single IM dose of danofloxacin in brown pelicans.
Schmitt, T. L., Nollens, H. H., Simeone, C. A., & Papich, M. G. (2019). Population Pharmacokinetics of Danofloxacin After Single Intramuscular Dose Administration in California Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus). Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 33(4), 361-368.
Rate of absorption was highly variable, produced plasma concentrations that met therapeutic targets for low MIC values for bovine pathogens.
No adverse effects.
What was observed in a study evaluating experimental infections and serology for type a influenza in American white ibis?
Bahnson, C. S., Hernandez, S. M., Poulson, R. L., Cooper, R. E., Curry, S. E., Ellison, T. J., … & Stallknecht, D. E. (2020). Experimental infections and serology indicate that American white IBIS (Eudociumus albus) are competent reservoirs for type a influenza virus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 56(3), 530-537.
White ibis were highly susceptible to experimental challenge with H6N1 and H11N9 IAVs, with cloacal shedding lasting an average of 6 days. No clinical signs. Oropharyngeal shedding > cloacal.
No birds challenged with H3N8 were infected.
White ibis co-housed with infected ibises also shed virus.
Wild ibis - Although no IAVs were isolated, 71% serum samples were antibody positive.
White ibis are susceptible and naturally infected with IAV and may represent a component of the natural reservoir system.
What lesions were observed following death associated with microcystin toxicosis in American white pelicans?
McCain, S., Sim, R. R., Howerth, E. W., Aschenbroich, S., Kirejczyk, S. G., McHale, B., … & McManamon, R. (2020). Myonecrosis and death due to presumed microcystin toxicosis in American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhyncos). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(2), 407-415.
Vitamin E exhaustion and resultant rhabdomyodegeneration and cardiomyopathy.
While the liver is considered the primary target of microcystin, there was no evidence of hepatic failure or hemorrhage.
Vit E has protective effects vs microcystin toxicity, possible the pelicans mobilized vit E stores in response to toxin exposure, resulting to hypovitaminosis E and rhabdomyofiber degeneration and necrosis.
What is the primary location for lead storage in the body?
Clinical signs of lead toxicity in birds and possible tx?
Guthrie, A. L., Jayson, S. L., Strike, T. B., Sparrow, S. J., Flach, E. J., & Szladovits, B. (2020). Diagnosis and Treatment of Heavy Metal Toxicosis in Six Waldrapp Ibis (Geronticus eremita). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 34(4), 371-380.
Lead primarily stored in bone; in blood can lead to erythrocyte fragility. Zn toxicity affects exocrine pancreas and causes lethargy, PU/PD, diarrhea, regurgitation.
Ibises developed lead toxicosis after paint chip ingestion. CS - weakness, inability to fly, low BCS, bilateral wing droop. Occasional cytoplasmic stippling, abnormal RBC shapes.
Detected lead and zinc in liver sample of one bird that died.
Tx - Sodium calcium EDTA and fluid therapy, resolved.
What lesions were observed in an outbreak of vit D3 responsive MBD in heron and egret?
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF AN OUTBREAK OF VITAMIN D3–RESPONSIVE METABOLIC BONE DISEASE IN HERON AND EGRET (FAMILY ARDEIDAE) CHICKS FED CAPELIN (MALLOTUS VILLOSUS)
Horgan M, Duerr R, Murphy B.
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2021 Jan;51(4):958-69.
Heron and egret chicks developed MBD following capelin diet (low in Vit D).
Most common bone = tarsometatarsus (folding fx and angular deformities). Similar to red-legged seriema.
Most common lesion location - proximal third of long bones.
Enlarged, hyperplastic parathyroid glands.
Incidence of MBD lowered after vitamin D supplementation.
MBD commonly affected the proximal tarsometatarsus in growing heron and egrets fed only capelin; supplement vit D.
What two spp of clostridium were cultured in an unusual outbreak of fatal clostridiosis in captive brown pelicans?
Unusual Outbreak of Fatal Clostridiosis in a Group of Captive Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis).
Lueders I, Ludwig C, Kasberg J, Baums CG, Klimke K, Dorner MB, Ströse D, Schmidt V.
J Avian Med Surg. 2017 Dec;31(4):359-363.
Mixed infection with clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens. Detected alpha toxins from C. perfringens and hemolysin sordellilysin. Necrohemorrhagic myositis/enteritis.
No botulinum toxin was detected via PCR.
Clindamycin can suppress toxin synthesis; bactericidal abx are contraindicated as they cause massive toxin release.
Tilapia and other fish spp can be a source of C. botulinum and type C botulism in wild pelicans.
