Columbiformes Journal Article Quick Review Flashcards
How was silymarin hepatoprotective vs acetominophen toxicity in pigeons?
Ihedioha, J. I., Anyogu, D. C., & Ogbonna, M. E. (2020). The Effects of Silymarin on Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic and Renal Toxicities in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 34(4), 348-357.
Pigeons treated with silymarin following acetominophen toxicity had decreased AST, ALT, Urea, UA.
Silymarin prevented decreases of ALP, Alb, TP, and cholesterol observed following toxicity.
No hepatocellular vacuolation or necrosis in the silymarin treated group.
Significantly decreased mortality!
No birds in the silymarin tx group died vs 86% mortality otherwise.
What is the leading cause of mortality in free-living populations of pink pigeons?
Leading cause of death in captive neonates?
Captive juveniles?
Captive adults?
Shopland, S., Barbon, A. R., Cotton, S., Whitford, H., & Barrows, M. (2020). Retrospective review of mortality in captive pink pigeons (Nesoenas mayeri) housed in European collections: 1977–2018. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 51(1), 159-169.
Majority of deaths of captive pink pigeons were neonates.
Neonates - Parental neglect, failure to thrive.
Juveniles - Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, MSK issues.
Adults - Trauma (males interspecific, females intraspecific aggression).
Avoid housing with turaco spp, ibis, pheasants, starlings, peafowl. Monitor pairings for aggression.
Of infectious diseases, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, and e coli most common in adults.
E. coli most common infectious cause of death in neonates.
Pre-export disease risk analysis identified the following as priorities: Y. pseudotuberculosis, M. avium, Trichomonas spp, Chlamydia psittaci, Coccidia spp.
General pharmacokinetics of CCFA in ringneck doves?
Valitutto, M. T., Newton, A. L., Wetzlich, S., Kishbaugh, J. C., Raphael, B. L., Calle, P. P., & Tell, L. A. (2021). Pharmacokinetics and clinical safety of a sustained-release formulation of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in ringneck doves (Streptopelia risoria) after a single intramuscular injection. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 52(1), 81-89.
10 or 20 mg/kg failed to maintain plasma concentrations.
50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg maintained concentrations above MIC past 96h.
No adverse clinical effects.
Cmax similar to other spp at their lower doses, Tmax shorter vs other species. Half life longer vs other spp.
Time above MIC ~107 hrs.
What two diseases were found to co-infect racing pigeons? Did detection correlate with clinical signs?
Hellebuyck, T., Göbel, S., Pasmans, F., Adriaensen, C., & Martel, A. (2017). Co-occurrence of Mycoplasma Species and Pigeon Herpesvirus-1 Infectionin Racing Pigeons (Columba livia). Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 31(4), 351-355.
PCR was used to ID mycoplasma spp and pigeon herpesvirus 1 (PHV-1).
Mycoplasma > PHV-1
Coinfections were identified in 16%.
Neither presence of Mycoplasma, PHV-1, nor coinfection were associated with signs of respiratory dz.
What swab sample is preferred for detection of columbid herpesvirus 1?
Phalen, D. N., Alvarado, C., Grillo, V., Mason, P., Dobson, E., & Holz, P. (2017). Prevalence of columbid herpesvirus infection in feral pigeons from New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, with spillover into a wild powerful owl (Ninox struena). Journal of wildlife diseases, 53(3), 543-551.
Columbid herpesvirus 1 - Multisystemic dz, mortality in raptors that eat infected pigeon prey.
Oral swabs preferred over cloacal swabs for detection.
CoHV1 endemic in NA, Eu, and Aus pigeon flocks.
Report of fatal disease in a powerful owl was the first wild bird of prey detection in Australia.
Pigeons are the main environmental source of which fungal disease?
Ghaderi, Z., Eidi, S., & Razmyar, J. (2019). High prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans and isolation of other opportunistic fungi from pigeon (Columba livia) droppings in Northeast Iran. Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 33(4), 335-339.
Cryptococcus neoformans - opportunistic pathogen. Pigeon droppings main environmental source.
Dropping samples containing C. neoformans dessicated - does not grow on fresh feces because of bacterial competition.
What are the three clades of avian pox virus?
What inclusion bodies are consistent with this dz?
Lee, H. R., Koo, B. S., Kim, J. T., Kim, H. C., Kim, M. S., Klein, T. A., … & Mo, I. P. (2017). Molecular epidemiology of avian poxvirus in the oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis) and the biting midge (Culicoides arakawae) in the Republic of Korea. Journal of wildlife diseases, 53(4), 749-760.
Avian poxvirus - intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with skin lesions definitive. Virus inoculation on the chorioallantoic membrane CAM of embryonated chicken eggs ECE leads to pock lesions form which APV can be isolated (viral isolation).
Three clades:
A - fowl poxvirus
B - canary poxvirus
C - psittacine poxvirus
Subclade A2 was identified in pigeons in this study.
Both biting midges and mosquitoes are reported to transmit APV.
This study - Majority of infections in juvenile birds were diphtheritic form. Biting midge Culicoides arakawae appears to be an important vector.
Seasonal abundance of APV corresponds to seasonal abundance of the vector, risk highest in fall.
What precautions prevented mortality in pigeons undergoing gastroscopic biopsy of the proventriculus and ventriculus?
Sladakovic, I., Ellis, A. E., & Divers, S. J. (2017). Evaluation of gastroscopy and biopsy of the proventriculus and ventriculus in pigeons (Columba livia). American journal of veterinary research, 78(1), 42-49.
Gastroscopy via oral approach provided excellent visibility of the lumen and mucosal surfaces of the proventriculus and cranial portion of the ventriculus (not rest of ventriculus).
Safe if following precautions were taken:
Conservative amount of saline to distend the GI lumen for visualization (prevent aspiration).
Mucosal biopsies must be taken nearly parallel to the long axis of the proventriculus.
Two biopsy technique for the ventriculus, first perpendicular koilin biopsy then second biopsy.
Some pigeons had possible melena few days after procedure.
What was observed following a single oral dose of trazodone in pigeons?
Desmarchelier, M. R., Beaudry, F., Ferrell, S. T., & Frank, D. (2019). Determination of the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity level of domestic pigeons (Columba livia). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 80(1), 102-109.
No adverse effects, not associated with any sedation.
Fast absorption was unexpected.
Safe, resulted in plasma drug concentrations for up to 20 hrs.
