Anseriformes Journal Article Quick Review Flashcards
What was observed in an evaluation of analgesic efficacy of tramadol vs meloxicam in ducks evaluated by ground-reactive forces?
Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol Compared With Meloxicam in Ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) Evaluated by Ground-Reactive Forces
Ryan S. Bailey, Julie D. Sheldon, Matthew C. Allender, Michael J. Adkesson, Sathya K. Chinnadurai
J. of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 33(2):133-140 (2019).
Improved weight bearing with meloxicam or tramadol compared to control at 3 and 4 h
No difference in between tramadol and meloxicam groups
Monosodium urate-induced arthritis only lasted for 8 hours
In agreement with previous results showing that meloxicam and tramadol can provide analgesia in Amazon parrots and kestrels.
What is wellfleet bay virus?
What spp has experienced mass mortality events in spring and autumn?
In what state was seroprevalence highest?
PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WELLFLEET BAY VIRUS EXPOSURE IN THE COMMON EIDER (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA).
Ballard JR, Mickley R, Gibbs SE, Dwyer C, Soos C, Harms NJ, Gilchrist HG, Hall JS, Franson JC, Milton GR, Parsons G, Allen B, Giroux JF, Lair S, Mead DG, Fischer JR.
J Wildl Dis. 2017 Jan;53(1):81-90.
Wellfleet Bay virus (WBV) is a vector-borne, novel RNA orthomyxovirus
Caused recurrent morality events in the Dresser’s subspecies of common eider in spring and autumn
WBV lesions = hepatocellular, pancreatic, and splenic necrosis
This study assessed Dresser’s common eider for WBV seroprevalence in from 2006-2014
Seroprevalence was highest in birds sampled in Massachusetts
In MA, females had higher prevalence in breeding season, males had higher in non-breeding season
No positive northern subspecies of common eider
A few birds were caught repeatedly and were showed revert to antibody-negative status
Conclusions: Wellfleet Bay virus exposure was detected in Dresser’s subsp. of common eider with the highest prevalence in Massachusetts.
What was observed with intranasal administration of midazolam in female surf scoters surgically implanted with intracoelomic transmitters?
INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN FEMALE SURF SCOTERS (MELANITTA PERSPICILLATA) SURGICALLY IMPLANTED WITH INTRACOELOMIC TRANSMITTERS
Le Net R, Mulcahy DM, Santamaria-Bouvier A, Gilliland SG, Bowman TD, Lepage C, Lair S.
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2019 Apr;50(1):167-75.
Midazolam 5 mg/kg intranasal significantly increased postsurgical survival. No difference in anesthetic recovery.
Still had 23% mortality in the midaz group but much lower than 61% in controls.
What was observed following inoculation of ruddy ducks and lesser scaups with HPAI?
THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLADE 2.3.4.4 H5 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN RUDDY DUCK (OXYURA JAMAICENSIS) AND LESSER SCAUP (AYTHYA AFFINIS)
Spackman E, Prosser DJ, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Berlin AM, Stephens CB.
Journal of wildlife diseases. 2017 Oct;53(4):832-42.
Juvenile ruddy ducks died without clinical signs.
Adult ruddy ducks had no clinical signs or mortality and shed briefly.
Juvenile lesser scaups had no clinical signs or mortality, shed virus. Similar to common eiders.
Mallards much more likely to shed HPAI than ruddy ducks or lesser scaups.
Describe susceptibility of laughing gulls and mallards to HPAIs from ruddy turnstones.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LAUGHING GULLS (LEUCOPHAEUS ATRICILLA) AND MALLARDS (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) TO RUDDY TURNSTONE (ARENARIA INTERPRES MORINELLA) ORIGIN TYPE A INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Charlie S. Bahnson, Rebecca L. Poulson, Laura P. Hollander, Jo A. Crum Bradley, and David E. Stallknecht. REVIEWED JKW.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 56(1), 2020, pp. 167–174
Laughing gulls did not develop infection.
Mallards became infected and shed virus without clinical signs. Mallards shed through clocal and OP routes beginning at 2 days post inoculation.
What lesions are associated with zinc toxicity in birds?
Diabetes Mellitus With Concurrent Cerebellar Degeneration and Necrosis in a Domestic Goose (Anser anser domesticus).
DiGeronimo PM, Crossland NA, Jugan A, Nevarez JG, Tully TN Jr, Evans DE.
J Avian Med Surg. 2018 Jun;32(2):122-127.
Emaciated, pancreatic atrophy, cerebellar malacia.
In this case, pancreatic fibrosis and insufficiency resulted in diabetes mellitus with persistent hyperglycemia.
Describe normal ECG pattern in healthy geese and differences between cardiac conduction system in birds vs mammals.
Pugliese, M., La Maestra, R., Morici, M., De Majo, M., & Spadola, F. (2020). Normal Electrocardiographic Pattern in Conscious Healthy Domestic Geese (Anser anser). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 34(4), 358-363.
Unique cardiac conduction system in birds - middle branch of bundle of His, ring of Purkinje, subepicardial Purkinje network, truncobulbar node.
All geese had a negative mean electrical axis, same as other bird spp. Negative polarity for QRS in leads II, III, and aVF results in negative MEA.
Depolarization of ventricles originates form the subepicardial layer and advances to the myocardium and endocardium in birds. Opposite in mammals.
What are the flexor and extensor muscles of the avian intertarsal joint? Main blood supply?
Baron, H. R., Phalen, D. N., & Gonzalez, M. S. (2018). A novel technique for extracapsular repair of the intertarsal joint in a duck. Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 32(1), 57-64.
Flexors - cranial tibial muscle, tendon. Long digital extensor tendon.
Extensor - Gastrocnemius.
Deep fibular nerve and cranial tibial artery and vein lie cranial to the tendon of the cranial tibial muscle. Cranial tibial artery is the major blood supply to the lower leg and digits.
What recommendations do you have for a wildlife center that is admitting anseriform spp during an HPAI outbreak?
Anseriformes are more likely to be vectors for HPAI.
All wild admitted anseriformes can be ifnected, should be considered a source.
Autumn and winter are main risk periods for outbreaks. Gulls can get infected, raptors become terminally ill, passerines experimentally infected.
CS may not be apparent in Anseriformes shedding HPAI. Neurologic signs.
Quarantine more than 7 days.
Disinfectants - Diluted sodium hypochlorite, Virkon; PPE.
Separate birds, relocate resident birds to indoor facilities, prevent access of feral birds, housing birds divided by risk groups.
Consider euthanizing birds with clinical signs, remove carcasses of dead birds.
Testing - RT-PCR preferred for active and passive bird surveillance. Pooled swabs of oropharyngeal swabs preferred over cloacal. HPAI is notifiable.
Vx of captive wild birds in zoos and closed avian collections may be allowed under certain circumstances. Vx rehabbed birds that return to the wild is a confounding factor for surveillance since often doing serologic tests.
Low zoonotic potential, but human infections have been reported.
If a bird presents with clinical signs of HPAI it should be euthanized. If no clinical signs and possible to test, consider low-risk of infection if negative. If not able to test, consider high-risk and quarantine in isolation. For all Anseriformes and other water birds, quarantine is at least 7 days.
