Phlebotomy 3 Flashcards
microorganism that invades the body, multiplies, and caused injury & disease
microbe
causing or capable of causing disease
pathogenic
pathogenic microbe
pathogen
nonpathogenic microbes on the skin and in the GI tract
normal flora
charged with investigation and control of various disease, especially those that are communicable and have epidemic potential
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
patient infections acquired in hospitals
nosocomial infection
infections acquired during healthcare delivery in all healthcare settings
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
intestinal bacteria that multiplies with antibiotic treatments and the most common cause of diarrhea in healthcare settings
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile, C. diff)
responsible for many HAIs from skin, wound, and surgical site infections, to pneumonia and bloodstream infections that can be fatal; also most common antibiotic resistant pathogen
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (staph) aureus (MRSA)
antibiotic resistant bacteria that can cause bloodstream infections, wound, and surgical site infections
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)
chain must be completed for infection to occur; the process can be stopped at any component; once the infection enters the host, the cycle repeats
chain of infection
pathogenic microbe responsible for causing infection
infectious agent
infectious agent
causative agent
source of infectious agent or place for microbe to survive, grow, and multiply
reservoir
ability of microbe to survive or live on an object
viability
degree to which the microbe is capable of causing disease and the amount of time passed since contamination
virulence
inanimate objects that can harbor material containing infectious agents
fomites
transfer of infection by insect, arthropod, or animal
vector transmission
transfer of infection through contaminated food, water, or drugs
vehicle transmission
someone with decreased ability to resist infection
susceptible host
healthy person who has received vaccination or recovered from infection and developed antibodies against it
immune
mandates medical evaluation, treatment, counseling, and follow-up for employees exposed to BBPs
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
protective clothing and other items worn by an individual to protect mucous membranes, airways, skin, and clothing from contact with infectious substances
personal protective equipment (PPE)
condition of being free of contamination or germs that could cause disease
asepsis
reduces chance of microbial contamination with the goal of protecting patients from infection and preventing the spread of infection
aseptic technique
separate patients with certain transmissible infections from contact with other patients and limit contact with hospital personnel and visitors
isolation procedures
used for patients who are highly susceptible to infection
protective (reverse) isolation
having a low neutrophil count (WBC that engulfs pathogen)
neutropenic
used in the care of all patients to prevent HAIs; use gloves with any body fluids
standard precautions
used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens
transmission-based precautions
standard precautions and precautions against airborne droplet nuclei
airborne precautions
standard and droplets generated when talking, coughing, sneezing, or during section
droplet precautions
standard and direct contact with patient or indirect contact with patient items or surfaces
contact precautions
the application of safety precautions taken to ensure safe handling of biological substances that present risk
biosafety
anything harmful or potentially harmful to health
biohazard
other routes of infection besides digestive
parenteral
through the skin
percutaneous
through mucus membranes: eyes, nose, and mouth
permucosal
any infectious microbe present in the blood and any other body fluids and tissues
blood-borne pathogen (BBP)
life threatening BBP that targets the liver; the most frequent laboratory acquired infection
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
most widespread chronic blood-borne illness in the US
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
attacks the body’s immune system and can eventually cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
devices that isolate or remove BBP hazards
engineering controls
practice that change the way tasks are performed to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure
work practice controls
government agency with the mission to protect people’s health and the environment
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
all chemicals must be evaluated for health hazards, and all chemicals found to be hazardous must be labeled and communicated to employees
Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standards (HCS)
communicates general and precautionary information about the hazard to users
safety data sheets (SDS)
