Phlebotomy 13 Flashcards
urine specimen collected at any time; used for UA and screening
random urine
specimen collected immediately upon waking in the morning after approximately 8 hours of sleep
first-morning/8-hr urine
collected 2 hours after meal and tested for glucose
two-hour postprandial specimen (PP)
pooled urine collected over 24-hour period to allow quantity analysis of urine analyte
24-hour urine
kidney function test
creatinine clearance
product of serotonin breakdown that is measured/monitored for a type of tumor producing serotonin
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
empty bladder, then wait 30 min before collecting specimen
double-voided specimen
urine collection generally free of genital secretions, pubic hair, and bacteria that surrounds urinary opening
midstream
collected in sterile container; yields specimen suitable for microbial analysis; involves cleaning
clean-catch
collected from sterile catheter inserted through the urethra to bladder
catheterized (cath) urine
collection involving needle insertion into urinary bladder and aspirating into a sterile syringe
suprapubic
screens for urinary and systemic disorders
urinalysis (UA)
clear top portion of the specimen
supernatant
bacteria in the urinary tract causing painful urination
urinary tract infection (UTI)
smear test containing cells from the lining of the urinary tract or cervix; examined under microscope for abnormal cells; fresh clean-catch required
papanicolaou (pap)
glucose in urine; renal threshold
glycosuria
breakdown of fat for energy when diet deficient in carbs or doesn’t metabolize glucose properly
ketones
dangerous decrease in blood pH due to excess ketones
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
hormone produced by cells within developing placenta that appears in urine and serum 8-10 days after conception; morning specimen preferred
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
clear to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane that cushions a fetus in the uterus
amniotic fluid
antigen normally present in the human fetus; also found in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum; used to determine problems with fetal development
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
used to assess fetal lung maturity by measuring phospholipids in amniotic fluid; lungs immature if L/S < 2
lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S ratio)
fluid surrounding brain and spinal chord
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
spinal tap; method to obtain CSF
lumbar puncture
examines stomach contents for abnormal substances and measures gastric acid concentration to evaluate stomach acid production
gastric analysis
cultured for diptheria, influenza, meningitis, pertussis, and pneumonia
nasopharyngeal (NP)
screen for influenza virus infection with results often available within 15 min
rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs)
pale yellow, watery, serum-like fluid found between double-layered membranes enclosing the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
serous fluid
aspirated from pericardial cavity surrounding the heart in a procedure (pericardiocentesis)
pericardial fluid
aspirated from pleural space surrounding the lungs by pleurocentesis
pleural fluid
aspirated from abdominal cavity by paracentesis
peritoneal fluid
mucus or phlegm ejected from trachea, bronchi, and lungs through deep coughing
sputum
myobacterium tuberculosis; resists decolonizing by acid once stained
acid-fast bacillus (AFB)
cough up and expel sputum
expectorate
measured amount of chloride in sweat; cystic fibrosis test
sweat chloride
pilocarpine (sweat stimulated drug) is transported into the skin by electrical stimulation from electrodes
iontophoresis
clear, pale yellow, moderately viscous fluid that lubricates and decreases friction in movable joints
synovial fluid
bacteria secretes substances that damage lining of stomach, causing chronic gastritis
Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori)
detects H. pylori through its production of urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea; H. pylori breaks down the urea, expelling CO2 in the breath
C-urea breath test (C-UBT)
oral specimen obtained for DNA results
buccal swab
detects and amplifies small segments of DNA
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
looks for parasites and their ova or cysts
ova and parasites (O&P)
diagnose food-borne illnesses
culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs)
hidden blood in feces
occult blood
detects blood in feces by peroxidase activity of the heme portion of Hgb reacting with the guaiac to produce a blue color
guaiac
detects globulin portion of Hgb in stool
fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT)
throat infection
streptococcal (strep)
