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1COM4 SEM 1 > Philosophy - Reasoning, Argument and syllogism/ Logical Opposition > Flashcards

Philosophy - Reasoning, Argument and syllogism/ Logical Opposition Flashcards

1
Q

Two kinds of arguments

A

Inductive and deductive

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2
Q

this pertains to general ideas to specific ideas?

A

Deductive

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3
Q

This term is the preserver of truth

A

Deductive

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4
Q

What type of argument is stated, the conclusion must follow from the premises

A

Deductive

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5
Q

Type of argument, specific instances -> general ideas

A

Inductive

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6
Q

type of argument, its premises appeal to evidence through sense of experience

A

Inductive

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7
Q

In deductive argument there is probability present, true or false?

A

False
Only inductive argument is about probability

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8
Q

What are the syllogistic argument rules?

A
  1. it is a set of three prepositions
  2. The conclusion must be derived from the premises
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9
Q

Syllogistic has three or more prepositions.

True or false?

A

False
Syllogistic argument has only 3 prepositions

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10
Q

Syllogistic is composed of what?

A

Matter and Form

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11
Q

What is the matter in a syllogistic form?

A
  • what the arrgument is all about
  • its substance
  • its content and meaning
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12
Q

What is the definition of form in syllogistic?

A

The structure, pattern or flow of the argument.

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13
Q

Formal consistency means that the statement is true, consistent and valid.
True or False

A

False
Formal Consistency does not mean truth. An argument can still be consistent or valid for as long as it follows the various inferential rules

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14
Q

what does [P] stand for in syllogistic argument?

A

Major term

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15
Q

What does [S] stand for in syllogistic argument ?

A

Minor term

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16
Q

What does M stand for in syllogistic argument?

A

middle term

17
Q

The premises of deductive argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion.

True or False?

A

True

18
Q

Opposition is a relation between propositions with the same subject but different predicate.
True or false?

A

Falsee
Opposition is a relation between propositions with the same subject and predicate but different quality and quantity

19
Q

Opposition id a relation between propositions with the same subject and predicate but different quality and quantity.
True or False?

A

True

20
Q

Four types of opposition

A

Contradictory
Contrary
Sub contrary
Subalternation

21
Q

What logical opposition - A and E

A

contrary

22
Q

What logical opposition - E and I

A

contradictory

23
Q

What logical opposition - A O

A

contradictory

24
Q

What logical opposition - A O

A

contradictory

25
Q

What logical opposition is E I ?

A

Contradictory

26
Q

What. logical opposition is A E ?

A

Contrary

27
Q

What logical opposition is I O ?

A

sub contrary

28
Q

What logical opposition is A I ?

A

Sub-alternation

29
Q

What logical opposition is E O?

A

Sub alternation

30
Q

universal proposition is called what in sub-alternation?

A

super altern

31
Q

particular proposition is called what in sub-alteration?

A

Sub altern

32
Q

Rules in contradictory?

A
  1. They cannot both be true
  2. The statements have opposite truth values
33
Q

What are the rules and meaning of contrary?

A
  1. they cannot both be true
  2. although they both might be false

Meaning:
- if one proposition is true then the other one is false
- If the given is false then we cannot derive a conclusion

34
Q

What is the rule and meaning in sub contrary?

A

Rule
- they cannot both be false
- they might both be true

Meaning
- if one is false, then the other one is true
- if one is true, then we cannot derive a certain conclusion

35
Q

What are the rules and meaning of Sub-alternation?

A

Rule 1
1. if the SUPER altern is true, then the sub altern is necessarily true
2. If the SUPER altern is false, we cannot derive a conclusion

Rule 2
1. if the SUB altern is false then the super altern is false as well
2. If the SUB altern is true then we cannot derive a conclusion

36
Q

doxa means?

A

false/ common belief or popular opinion/ persuasion

37
Q

episteme means?

A

truth/ knowledge/ understanding

38
Q

anamnesis

A

remembering

1COM4 SEM 1 (17 decks)

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