Philosophy - Reasoning, Argument and syllogism/ Logical Opposition Flashcards
Two kinds of arguments
Inductive and deductive
this pertains to general ideas to specific ideas?
Deductive
This term is the preserver of truth
Deductive
What type of argument is stated, the conclusion must follow from the premises
Deductive
Type of argument, specific instances -> general ideas
Inductive
type of argument, its premises appeal to evidence through sense of experience
Inductive
In deductive argument there is probability present, true or false?
False
Only inductive argument is about probability
What are the syllogistic argument rules?
- it is a set of three prepositions
- The conclusion must be derived from the premises
Syllogistic has three or more prepositions.
True or false?
False
Syllogistic argument has only 3 prepositions
Syllogistic is composed of what?
Matter and Form
What is the matter in a syllogistic form?
- what the arrgument is all about
- its substance
- its content and meaning
What is the definition of form in syllogistic?
The structure, pattern or flow of the argument.
Formal consistency means that the statement is true, consistent and valid.
True or False
False
Formal Consistency does not mean truth. An argument can still be consistent or valid for as long as it follows the various inferential rules
what does [P] stand for in syllogistic argument?
Major term
What does [S] stand for in syllogistic argument ?
Minor term
What does M stand for in syllogistic argument?
middle term
The premises of deductive argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion.
True or False?
True
Opposition is a relation between propositions with the same subject but different predicate.
True or false?
Falsee
Opposition is a relation between propositions with the same subject and predicate but different quality and quantity
Opposition id a relation between propositions with the same subject and predicate but different quality and quantity.
True or False?
True
Four types of opposition
Contradictory
Contrary
Sub contrary
Subalternation
What logical opposition - A and E
contrary
What logical opposition - E and I
contradictory
What logical opposition - A O
contradictory
What logical opposition - A O
contradictory
What logical opposition is E I ?
Contradictory
What. logical opposition is A E ?
Contrary
What logical opposition is I O ?
sub contrary
What logical opposition is A I ?
Sub-alternation
What logical opposition is E O?
Sub alternation
universal proposition is called what in sub-alternation?
super altern
particular proposition is called what in sub-alteration?
Sub altern
Rules in contradictory?
- They cannot both be true
- The statements have opposite truth values
What are the rules and meaning of contrary?
- they cannot both be true
- although they both might be false
Meaning:
- if one proposition is true then the other one is false
- If the given is false then we cannot derive a conclusion
What is the rule and meaning in sub contrary?
Rule
- they cannot both be false
- they might both be true
Meaning
- if one is false, then the other one is true
- if one is true, then we cannot derive a certain conclusion
What are the rules and meaning of Sub-alternation?
Rule 1
1. if the SUPER altern is true, then the sub altern is necessarily true
2. If the SUPER altern is false, we cannot derive a conclusion
Rule 2
1. if the SUB altern is false then the super altern is false as well
2. If the SUB altern is true then we cannot derive a conclusion
doxa means?
false/ common belief or popular opinion/ persuasion
episteme means?
truth/ knowledge/ understanding
anamnesis
remembering
