Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives

Question 1

Philosophy

Answer 1

• “Love of Wisdom” in ancient Greek
• As an area of study: systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
• System of values by which one lives and works.
• Helps individuals address the problems that confront them through the use of critical thinking, logical analysis, and reflective appraisal

Question 2

Sport Philosophy

Answer 2

• Is the systematic and reflective study of the truth, meanings, and actions of sport.
• Use logic and reasoning to gain a broader understanding of how sport contributes to our lives and to analyze the principles that guide our professional practices and actions.
• Study the values connected with sport, examine the relationship between the mind and body, and debate ethical dilemmas

Question 3

Branches of Philosophy and Kinesiology

Answer 3

• Metaphysics
• Epistemology
• Logic
• Axiology

Question 4

Metaphysics

Answer 4

• Nature of reality
• What is the meaning of existence?
• What is real?
• What experiences in a physical education program will better enable the individual to meet the challenges of the real world?

Question 5

Epistemology

Answer 5

• Nature of knowledge and methods of obtaining knowledge
• What is true?
• What is the validity of the knowledge pertaining to physical activity and its influence on the development of the individual?

Question 6

Logic

Answer 6

• Systematic and orderly reasoning
• What is the method of reasoning that will lead to the truth?
• What process should a researcher use to determine the value of physical education to program participants?

Question 7

Axiology

Answer 7

• Aims and values of society
• How do we determine what has value, and on what criteria is this judgment based?
• What is the value of physical education programs to the individual?
  Can be divided in:
• Ethics
• Aesthetics

Question 8

Ethics

Answer 8

• Issues of conduct, right and wrong
• What is the highest standard of behavior each person should strive to attain?
• How can sport be utilized to develop ethics?

Question 9

Aesthetics

Answer 9

• Nature of beauty and art
• What is beauty?
• Why are skilled performers’ movements beautiful to view?

Question 10

Major Philosophies

Answer 10

• Idealism
• Realism
• Pragmatism
• Naturalism
• Existentialism
• Humanism

Question 11

Idealism

Answer 11

• Values and ideals are held high.
• Universal and absolute
• Values and ideas do not change

Question 12

Realism

Answer 12

• Scientific method
• Reasoning and understanding natural laws of nature.

Question 13

Pragmatism

Answer 13

• Experiences - not ideals or realities are the basis of truth

Question 14

Naturalism

Answer 14

• Considering each individual’s level of growth and development in learning

Question 15

Existentialism

Answer 15

• The freedom of individuals to think as they choose and to make choices.
• They must accept the consequences

Question 16

Humanism

Answer 16

• The development of the full potential of each individual

Question 17

The Mind Body Relationship

Answer 17

• Dualism: Belief that the mind and the body are separate entities.
• Education of the physical: Emphasis is placed solely on the development of the body.
• Monism/Holistic Approach: Views the mind and the body as a fused, unified entity; neither one is superior to the other

Question 18

Primary Goal

Answer 18

Improve the well-being and quality of life of individuals who participate in programs by providing people with the skills, knowledge, and attitudes to participate in regular physical activity throughout their lifespan.
- Programs are diverse in content, varied in setting, and serve people of all identities.
- Each program has a set of goals, learning objectives and outcomes.

Question 19

Learning Domains

Answer 19

• Cognitive: Thinking
• Affective: Feeling
• Psychomotor: Doing

Question 20

Cognitive Domain

Answer 20

• Concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and the development of intellectual skills.
• Development of knowledge and understanding is an important objective for physical education, exercise science, and sport programs in all settings.

Question 21

Affective Domain

Answer 21

• Includes many factors that influence individuals’ feelings about themselves, the learning experience, and the subject.
• Krathwohl’s taxonomy reflects the development of values, appreciations, attitudes, and character
• Desired outcomes include promotion of a positive self-concept and enhancement of feelings of self-worth and self-respect.

Question 22

Psychomotor Domain

Answer 22

• Lower-order objectives focus on the acquisition of basic movements and perceptual abilities.
• Higher-order objectives emphasize the development of fitness and highly skilled movements.
  Objectives:
• Motor Skill Development - Physical Fitness Development

Question 23

Assessment of Learning

Answer 23

• Should be a dynamic, ongoing process integrated into programs in a school or non-school setting.
• Should be viewed as n essential, crucial element of any program
• Can provide important information about participants’ progress, program quality, instructional practices, and the effectiveness of professionals.
• Provides meaningful information about learning and achievement related to goals, objectives, and outcomes across the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains.

Question 24

Purpose of Assessments

Answer 24

• Diagnosis
• Placement
• Monitoring of progress
• Determination of achievement
• Motivation
• Program improvement
• Evaluation of Instructor effectiveness