Historical Foundations Flashcards
1
Q
Sport History
A
- Emerged as a discipline in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
- Primary Goal:
- Trace back the impact of cultural attitudes, practices and key individuals on the study of human movement.
2
Q
Ancient Greece
A
- Profound influence on the development of physical education and sport.
- Greek ideal stressed the unity of the mind, body, and spirit.
- “A sound mind in a sound body.”
- Arête: The pursuit of excellence
- National festivals
- Olympic Games
3
Q
Ancient Roman Period
A
- Being fit and having athletic skill were important to Rome’s military success.
- Greek gymnastics were introduced to Rome after the conquest of Greece but were not popular.
- Romans preferred blood sports such as gladiatorial contests, men fighting wild animals, and men fighting each other to the death.
4
Q
Germany
A
- Focused on development of strong citizens through school and community programs of physical education
- Programs focused on exercises and instruction in activities such as gymnastics, games, marching, running, and wrestling.
5
Q
Sweden
A
- Per Henrik Ling played a major role in the development of gymnastics
- Used science to examine the effects of physical education
- Used anatomy and physiology to study the effects of physical activity on the body.
- Less formal and strenuous than the German and Danish systems
- Gymnastics was influenced by nationalism.
6
Q
Great Britain
A
Emphasized programs of organized games and sports
- Maclaren, 1820 to 1884
- Muscular Christianity
7
Q
Maclaren, 1820 to 1884
A
- Believed that physical training must be treated as a science.
- Physical training and intellectual development were important.
- Exercise adapted to the individual’s level of fitness.
8
Q
Muscular Christianity
A
- Sport contributes to the development of moral character.
- Reconciles sport and religion.
- Promoted the inclusion of sport in schools as a means to develop fair play, honour, and self-discipline
9
Q
North America
A
- Games were part of indigenous practices
- Influenced by European ideals
- Systems of gymnastics or exercises
- Philosophies of physical education
- Influence of Ancient Asian cultures
- Yoga
- Martial Arts
- Relationships between the mind, body, and spirit.
10
Q
15-16th Centuries
A
- Colonists focused their efforts primarily on survival
- colonists brought sports with them from their native countries
- Puritans denounced play as evil; recreational pursuits frowned upon
- Reading, writing, and arithmetic in schools, not physical education
- Games were important to indigenous peoples, and focused around ceremonial, and religious practices and teaching of survival skills.
11
Q
17-18th Centuries
A
- Slow development during due to church and war influence
- Industrial Revolution - increased leisure time and engagement in sports and games
- Intercollegiate athletics becomes increasingly common on college campuses
- Horse-racing, foot races, rowing, and gambling on sport events were popular
12
Q
U Sports
A
- Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU), 1906-1955, Ontario and Quebec.
- Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU), 1961-2001
- Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS), 2001-2016
- U Sports, 2016-Present
13
Q
Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU), 1906-1955, Ontario and Quebec.
A
- establishment of professional coaching and management positions
- Women’s Intercollegiate Athletic Union (WIAU), 1923
- Western Intercollegiate Athletic Association (WIAA) founded in 1920, members British Colombia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
14
Q
Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU), 1961-2001
A
Programs evolved to a well-organized level as scientific coaching methods contributed to the high level of athletic performance.
15
Q
Residential Schools
A
- Recreational activities were underfunded
- Little or no physical education program in most schools.
- Many schools had no indoor facilities for PA, or outdoor space
- For many students sports helped them make it through residential schools.
