PHILO QUIZ Flashcards by Lindsay Rendon

-A remark when you tried to argue and reason out
-Said when someone is trying to be witty with their reasoning that made us speechless
-Look at one perspective

Pilosopo

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Those who study philosophy as an academic discipline are perpetually engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to life’s most basic questions

Philosopher

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Philos

love

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Sophia

wisdom

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Philosophy Greek meaning

love for wisdom

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-Big ideas arising from big questions
-One of the main branches of philosophy
-Deals with the “beings of beings”
-Study of reality

Metaphysics

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-Aspect of philosophy
-Arguments or reasons given for people’s answers to their questions
-Employed to study the nature and structure of arguments

Logic

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“Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder.” by who?

Socrates / Plato

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-Stimulates us to venture into philosophy
-Curiosity is when you think of how to use a new gadget, while wisdom is to ask whether one can live without it

Wonder

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About facts and ideas that we acquire through study

Knowledge

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-Ability to discern and judge which aspects of that knowledge are true, right, lasting, and applicable to your life
-To be wise is to know the truth

Wisdom

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Classification of Wisdom according to Aristotle

Theoretical Wisdom
Practical Wisdom

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Knowledge in the realm of action

Practical Wisdom

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To know the necessary truths and its logical consequences

Theoretical Wisdom

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-Always rooted from a bigger triggering problem or situation
-The beginning to finding an answer is to ask a -

Philosophical Question

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-To think of an answer to these questions is to engage in a -
-Compels us to look at a particular experience from a wider perspective

Philosophical Reflection

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-A part of the whole
-Just one among the other questions
-Confined to a single situation

Particular

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-The whole
-Talks about the experiences which particular questions arises
-Requires consideration of other aspects of human experiences relevant and connected to it
-Can answer the particular question

Universal

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What makes philosophy different in science is that a scientific question is always confined to the particular, whereas a philosophical question “leads into the totality of beings” and “inquires into the whole”
The goal is that from a particular philosophical question, the wholeness of reality is revealed

The Essence of Human Freedom

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-German philosopher
-Studies metaphysics
-The Essence of Human Freedom

Martin Heidegger

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-360 B.C.E.: There were things that device, confuse, or mislead in this world
-Looking for real answers requires much intellectual effort and rational ability
-One of the most famous philosophers who ever lived
-Greek Athenian philosopher
-Student of Socrates
-Teacher to Aristotle
-Wrote numerous dialogues in which Socrates is the main character

Plato

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“Every person that engages in philosophical reflection must recognize that possible answers to philosophical questions require adequate justification or rational basis.”

Plato

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Most famous works of Plato

Apology: an account of Socrates’s trial
Republic: Theory of Forms

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-Left no writings but conversed with people from all walks of like using question and answer as a concrete living out of his famous advice—”know thyself”
-His commitment to philosophy was the reason he was condemned to death
-His life is a puzzle because Plato, Xenophon, and Aristophanes presented differing accounts
-One must admit that he is not wise

Socrates

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“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Socrates

is a technique to resolve philosophical questions; dates back to the ancient Greek; art of refutation; grew more in the modern era in the form of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

Dialectics

must be supported by proof and logical argument to be considered true

claim

proposed the dialectical pattern in history—the interplay of opposing ideas is needed for growth

G.W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx

is considered as a result of collaboration with partners in dialogue or conversation

Philosophical discovery

-Surpassed his teacher by the number of works he wrote and diverse fields he studied (i.e. philosophy, biology, politics, psychology, and art) -Tutored a 13-year-old boy Alexander the Great -also put up a school in Athens called Lyceum

Aristotle

-A time of subjectivity and individualism—centered on man -Result of rising modern science and the diminished power of the church in 17th century

Anthropocentric View (Modern View)

-Church sustained man’s intellect in which the world became secondary to God (“theos” in Greek) -Philosophers such as Avicenna, St. Augustine, and St. Thomas Aquinas existed

Theocentric View (Medieval Period)

Philosophical Thought in 3 Views

Cosmocentric View (Ancient Philosophy) Theocentric View (Medieval Period) Anthropocentric View (Modern View)

-Understand the ultimate nature of the world or the origin of the universe (“arche”—”starting point” in Greek) -In Western philosophy, Thales was the first to wonder about the origin of the universe that led him to the view that water is the underlying principle of all things

Cosmocentric View (Ancient Philosophy)

-Knowledge is acquired through reason independent of sense experience -Knowledge is based on ideas

Rationalism

-All knowledge is ultimately derived from sense experience

Empiricism

3 Claims of Socrates

1. Know thyself 2. The unexamined life is not worth living 3. Virtue is knowledge of good and bad

-is through a series of questioning and answering -Compelled people to think, to defend their views, and to account for what they know and do not know

Socratic Method

-When we fail to examine what we think, we missed the opportunity to know ourselves better -Engaging in philosophical reflection makes us realize what we really believe in once we are challenged to defend our claims -Guide us to more questions and ideas

Second Claim

-Result of asking philosophical questions upon knowing our thoughts and actions -Virtue is knowledge because to truly know what is good leads to the actual doing of good -One who pretends to know what is good does not choose to do what is good

Third Claim

- is a lover of wisdom—someone who observes, thinks, sees clearly, and speaks the truth -What the world needs are people whole speak truth and help in making necessary reforms for a better future

Pilosopo as a Social Critic

-Evading the argument by pretending to address -An important study of arguments so we can create reasoning that are mindful and valid, and not to deceive

Fallacy

is a statement about the word or reality. It may or may not carry truth.

Proposition

is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.

Knowledge

are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

Facts

is a statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This means that any claim can be proven by verification and experimentation.

Claim

are something concrete that can be proven. You can find facts in legal records and scientific findings. - are truth and are accepted as such.

Facts

is less concrete. It’s a new form in the mind of a person about a particular issue. In other words it is what someone believes or thinks, and is not necessarily the truth.

Opinion

It means to think or express oneself in a philosophical manner.

PHILOSOPHIZING

It is investigated by philosophical reflection which the world is constituted as lived, experienced, thought of, and it in relation to another -.

PHENOMENON

It considers or discusses a (matter) from a philosophical standpoint’s phenomena.

PHILOSOPHIZING

In truth-making we use empiricism to see things-as they-appear-to-us. On the other hand, how we process the data in our mind is the process of rationalism.

EMPIRICISM-RATIONALISM

He said that our truth is based on how we perceived something through our five basic senses. These are things ‘as-they-appear-to-us’: in a ‘empirical’ manner.

IMMANUEL KANT

called for the democratization of information.

The internet

enable us to see beyond what we initially perceive and better ourselves

philosophical reflection

is a common belief or popular opinion.

DOXA

In philosophy, episteme is knowledge or understanding.

EPISTEME

is a branch of philosophy dedicated to the study of knowledge and the problems that revolve around it.

EPISTEMOLOGY

Said by? - knowledge is certain and opinions are those which are uncertain. Relying on opinion and basing everything on appearances and not reality leads us to ignorance.

Plato

developed syllogism. Wherein, starting with premises, valid arguments will be inferred. According to him, valid syllogism is proof or demonstration of truth.

Aristotle

a deductive argument of a certain form where a conclusion is inferred from two premises.

SYLLOGISM

serve as an explanation as to why the conclusion is valid or acceptable.

PREMISE

He is a French philosopher, scientist and mathematician who is known to be the “Father of Modern Philosophy”

Rene Descartes

“Demolish everything completely” , he literally scrutinized every belief in which he could imagine the least doubt as though he knew that it was absolutely false.

Rene Descartes

Deconstructionism is attributed to him. This school of thought is a reaction to the thought of structuralism.

JACQUES DERRIDA

He is a french writer and Philosophy. His famous work is “Grammatology” .

JACQUES DERRIDA

challenges traditional views in philosophy by looking at structures of language to open up to limitless interpretation

DECONSTRUCTIONISM

views reality as nothing but a conceptual construct.

POSTMODERNISM

believed that true propositions are those that correspond with reality

CORRESPONDENCE THEORY

He is a philosopher, historian, mathematician, and logician who is known as the founder of analytical philosophy

BERTRAND RUSSEL

It is only in the context of a sentence that a word has a meaning

Context Principle

In 1913 his published work, “A General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology” , set motion to a new school of thought that has influenced many until today.

EDMUND HUSSERL

It is understood as meaning. Connotation or intention of logic. Derived in the context itself provides.

SENSE

It is referred to or the denotation. The things we point to by name.

REFERENCE

- A German philosopher who is attributed to be the founder of the phenomenological movement.

EDMUND HUSSERL

It emphasizes that we should not be too entrapped with the parts only but also the whole. And so, this approach pursues trying to make us see every phenomenon or object in a true and purified meanings.

PHENOMENOLOGY

It is when we direct our consciousness to investigate the essence of a phenomenon

TRANSCENDENTAL ATTITUDE

when we are comfortable with the things that we already know.

NATURAL ATTITUDE