21ST QUIZ Flashcards
littera
a letter of the alphabet
A body of written works associated with imaginative and creative works of poetry and prose and can be classified accdg. to a variety of systems
Literature
Creates a way for people to record their thoughts and experiences in a way that is accessible to other people
Literature
Group of works of art expressed in words
Literature
Handed down from one generation to another, then transformed into written form
Oral Literature
Products of written literature are “Literary texts”
Written Literature
-Has elements of psychological –characterization and chronology
-Uses literary devices (e.g. metaphor and symbolism)
-For entertainment and learning
Written Literature
Characteristics of a Literary Text
- It narrates a story
- It expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas which can either be based on the imagination or real-life experiences of the author or other people
- It delivers significant information and crosses boundaries of time, places, cultures, and languages
2 Major Forms of Literature
Poetry
Prose
Art of arranging words in a way that creates beauty, rhythm, and emotional resonance
Uses figurative language, symbolism, and sound devices to create meaning and evoke strong feelings or images
Poetry
Characterized by having elements of rhythm, sound, imagery, and form
Poetry
Poetry Main Purpose
Express feelings, thoughts, and ideas
Characteristics of Poetry
-Written in lines and stanzas
-Specialized language
-Measured and controlled
-Language of feeling
Types of Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Dramatic Poetry
Lyrics Poetry
Tells a story; has the elements of a narrative
Narrative Poetry
An emotionally appealing drama written in verse that tells a story; intended to be recited or sung in front of the audience by a character speaking in poetry
Dramatic Poetry
Most common type of poetry; focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story
Lyrics Poetry
Applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures which are mainly consisting of complete sentences arranged logically and sequentially in a paragraph form
Prose
Lacks the rhythmic and formal constraints of poetry
Prose
Characteristics of Prose
-Written in sentences and paragraphs
-Ordinary language
-Free-flow of sentences
-Language of reason
Types of Prose
Fiction
Non-Fiction
A product of the writer’s wild imagination and creative thinking where the characters react to the conflict and various issues central to the main idea of a literary work; has three types
Fiction
Stories inspired by real events where the writers aim to present, interpret, or describe experiences based on facts; judgements, opinions, and commentaries of the writers may be presented in the form of essays, journals, diaries, feature articles, editorials, and the like
Non-fiction
Genres of Literature
Poetry
Prose Fiction
Non-Fiction Prose
Drama
Form of expression of meaning in a special way
Poetry
Purely products of the writer’s imagination
Prose Fiction
Attempts to present, to interpret, or to describe facts
Non-Fiction Prose
Stories involving significant human encounters which are intended to be performed on stage
Drama
Most Common Literary Devices
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Onomatopoeia
Hyperbole
Synecdoche
Metonymy
Consonance
Assonance
-Emphasizes or exaggerates a specific quality of one thing by comparing it to something else
-Compares 2 unlike objects explicitly, directly, or obviously using phrases
Simile
-A rhetorical device that makes a non-literal comparison between 2 unlike things
-Asserts that 2 unlike objects are identical
-There is no use of phrases unlike similes
Metaphor
-Common form of metaphor
-Applying human-like (physical) attributes or (innate) qualities to nonhuman things
-Allows writers to create life and motion within inanimate objects, animals, and abstract ideas
Personification
-Words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe
-Forms: Real words, made-up words, or letters used to represent raw sounds
-Can differ across cultures and languages, even when referring to the same sound
Onomatopoeia
-When the writer exaggerates for the sake of emphasis and humor for prosodic effect
-Can be in the guise of a simile (e.g. He ran as fast as a cheetah); can be considered to be both
-Through purposeful exaggeration, creates strong feelings or impressions, or emphasizes a point
Hyperbole
-Name substitutions
-A part of something represents its whole
Synecdoche
-The same consonant sound repeats within a group of words
-Use of words w/ similar consonant sounds in a sentence or a particular context
Consonance
-The same vowel sound repeats within a group of words
-Repetition of similar vowel sounds takes place in two or more words in proximity to each other within a line of poetry or prose
-Allows writers the means of emphasizing important words in a phrase or line
-Creates a sense of rhythm, enhancing mood, and offering a lyrical effect of words and sounds
Assonance
-Replacing the name of an object or concepts with a word closely related to or suggested by the original
Metonymy
When you analyze literature using a specific approach
Literary Lenses
Tool for readers (not writers) to interpret and analyze a piece of writing
Literary Lenses
Analytical approaches used by scholars and critics to interpret and understand literature
Literary Lenses
Provide frameworks through which readers can explore and interpret texts, uncovering deeper meanings, themes, and implications
Literary Lenses
Types of Literary Lenses
Marxism
Moral-philosophical
Reader-Response
Feminism
Formalism
Histo-biographical
Psychoanalysis
Eco-criticism
-Judge the value of the literature on its moral lesson or ethical teaching
-Studies literature from a moral or intellectual perspective to determine whether the work conveys a lesson or message
Moral-philosophical
-Focuses on the response of each individual reader to a piece of literature
-Argues that each reading is specific to the person reading
-Emphasizes the role of the reader in interpreting a text
-Focuses on individual readers’ responses, interpretations, and subjective experiences when engaging with literature
Reader-Response
-How factors shape the text and reflect broader societal issues
-Examines complications found within a capitalist system
Marxism
-Its gender-related issues or attitude towards gender
-How factors shape the text and reflect broader societal issues
-Focuses on female representation in literature
-Pays attention to a female p.o.v., concerns, and values
Feminism
-Focuses on the form and structure
-Focuses on the text itself and its formal elements work together without considering outside influences
-All elements necessary are in the work itself
Formalism
-Applies historical information about the time during which it was written
-Concentrates on the author’s life experiences and how those may have influenced the author in writing the work
-Comparison between fictional situations in the book and real-life situations
-Views text as a reflection of the author’s life
Histo-biographical
who? : Views text as an expression of the personality, state of minds, feelings, and desires
Sigmund Freud
Explores symbolic meanings of events and the conscious and subconscious motivations of the characters in the text or the author
Psychoanalysis
-Focuses on the relationship between literature and the natural environment
-Seeks to understand how texts reflect and influence our understanding of nature, ecology, and environmental issues
-Uncover ecological themes, representations of the natural world, and the ways in which human beings interact with the environment
Eco-criticism
The social environment, context, and cultural context refers to the immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops.
SOCIAL MILIEU
PERIODS
Pre Colonial Period
Spanish Period
Period of Enlightment
American Period
Japanese Period
21st Century Period
An old Tagalog writing system.
BAYBAYIN
Genres of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions perceiv- ed or believed both by teller and listeners to have taken place within human history.
LEGEND (ALAMAT)
Used in witchcraft or enchantment.
CHANT (BULONG)
Long narrative poems that narrate the achievements or events of a hero.
EPIC (EPIKO)
One of the oldest forms of Philippine litera- ture that mirror early forms of culture.
Many have 12 syllables.
FOLK SONGS (AWITING BAYAN)
Replaced Baybayin, which they burned as they considered it the work of the devil.
The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
ROMAN ALPHABET
Examples: Moro-Moro, Karagatan, Duplo
RECREATIONAL PLAYS
“Noli Me Tangere,” “El Filibusterismo,” “Mi Ultimo Adios”
RIZAL’S WRITINGS
“Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa,” “Kaingat Kayo,” “Dasalan at Tocsohan”
DEL PILAR’S WRITINGS
“Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile,” “Sa mga Filipino, and Everything is Hambug”
JAENA’S WRITINGS
The biggest American contribution.
Thomasite are American soldiers/teachers who established the education system using English as a medium of instruction.
Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse, as Americans linguistically influ- enced Filipino writers to write in English.
“May Day Eve” by Nick Quaquin
“Dead Stars” by Paz Marquez-Benitez
EDUCATION
The most prominent themes of most poems were nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and arts.
FILIPINO POETRY
A poem of free verse, with 17 syllables and three lines. Divided to 5-7-5.
HAIKU
Similarly, it has 28 syllables and 4 lines. Divided to 7-7-7-7.
TANAGA
New trends are used and introduced to meet the new tastes and needs of the new generation.
Learners are demanded to be Information and Communication Technology inclined to compete with the style and format of writing.
New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
21st Century Period
