bwct philo Flashcards by Lindsay Rendon

“Man is always more than what he knows about himself”

Karl Jaspers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy
Existentialist philosopher
Known in the philosophy of mind
From being a psychiatrist, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system

Karl Jaspers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Our being is lost in a context of total determination. Thus, questions such as “who am I?” lead us to the depth of our being. (Karl Jaspers)

This task will call us to leave the ‘ordinariness’ of the given time and context in our existence

Discovering the Self

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Generally and commonly defined to represent the entire human race

Man

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Various classifications and species
For a living man, is under the classification of Mammalia

Human

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Term used to separate man from other human classifications like animals

Human Being

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Term used to separate man from other human classifications like animals

Human Being

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Individual who possesses self-awareness, self-determination, rational mind (rational beings know that you are a body and soul), and the capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself

Person

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State of being a person with unique, sacred, and ethical status within himself/herself

Personhood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deepest and natural behavior of a person that distinguish from animals

Human Nature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With a body, which is tangible and has 3 components: soul, mind, and spirit
Entitled and granted rights and privileges by the state which he or she legally belongs

Human Person

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Animating core living within each of us
-Driving force behind what we actually think, do, and say
-refers to the inseparable union of human and soul
-The body is not separate from the soul, just as the soul is not separate from the body

embodied spirit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Karl Jaspers name the situations that is inevitable in our existence as ‘limited’ human beings
-It opens us an opportunity to engage in the philosophical question, “who am i?”
-Leads us to sometimes question the answers that we usually associate with it
-The “I” will be the content of the question itself

Boundary Situations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Boundary Situations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This common human experience breaks us away from our

Conventional and mundane patterns of life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Theory that the mental and the physical – or mind and body or mind and brain – are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing

Dualism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Philosophy attributes the soul or spirit as the mind or our mental capacity

Dualism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Philosophy attributes the soul or spirit as the mind or our mental capacity

Dualism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The soul exists prior to the body and even after the body is gone

Theory of Forms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The body and soul are separable
The body and soul are different substances and have different functions (Dualism)
Improved by Rene Descartes

Theory of forms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Theory of Forms is improved by

Rene Descartes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It asserts that the physical realm is only a shadow, or image, of the true reality of the Realm of Forms
Everything we see is just a reflection of those in the world of forms

World of Matter (Material Realm)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unchanging
The place where sanctified souls are believed to live after death
Soul: Immaterial, indestructible, immutable, unchanging; parang sperm cell; independent of the body; immortal
All truths of things are here
The human soul pre-existed in the world of forms ideas; this is why the soul is immortal
Full of perfection

World of Forms (Eternal Realm)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

World of Forms (Eternal Realm)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pre-existed in the world of forms ideas. This is why the soul is immortal.

Human Soul

Just a soul using a body After death, the body is left in the world of matter to rot, while the soul rises to the world of forms and wait for another body

Human Person

who said? The soul and body are one. At birth, there is a soul and a body. The soul since birth is the same until death. A human person needs a soul and a body to live. Body and soul are inseparable Improved by St. Thomas Aquinas

Aristotle

From where? Ask “who am I?” because the soul inside your body is not the soul intended for you A question from the idea of Plato If the soul has experienced a different life before entering our body, who am I?

Indian Philosophy

Mutable Material Destructible

Body = Matter

Immutable Material Indestructible

Soul = Form

Acknowledges the existence of his body, a figure that occupies space Recognizes the existence of his mind, spirit, or soul as he looks at his ability to think, move, and feel, which his mind or reasoning

Dualism

A theory that there is only one fundamental kind, category of thing or principle It posits that reality is fundamentally composed of a single substance or essence

Monism

Catholic priest in the Dominican Order and is considered to be one of the most important medieval philosophers and theologians Doctor of the Church Summa Theologica

St. Thomas Aquinas

Recognized for his work giving 5 philosophical proof of God's existence In his study, he emphasizes the actuality and incorporeality of God as the “unmoved mover” Platonian Philosophy

St. Thomas Aquinas

Body is the matter and the soul is the form which unity makes a being possible. It will cease to exist if one is missing. This is what we witness in death.

Monism

We see this belief in Christianity where the body and soul are believed to be God’s creation. It sees humans as an embodied soul.

Christianity’s perspective on Body and Soul

who said? Explores the notion of inner sense which we can understand as reflection or introspection. This activity engages us in our consciousness. This consciousness is the essence of our personal identity.

John Locke

recognizes self as a rational agent who is responsible for his/her own thoughts and attitude; reasoning and thinking

Rationalist

consciousness is consciousness of something; life or state of the person

Existentialist

sees the self as an embodied subjectivity that exist and gives meaning; lived experience

Phenomenologist

often leads us to contemplate our existence and contemplating about our existence brings us terror or depressing thoughts.

Consciousness

Thinking, reasoning, understanding, comparing, analyzing are all associated with our faculty of reason It enables us to discover more about ourselves and in the long run will help us endure and survive life The more we made use of this faculty, the more we live a fulfilling life

Reason

A view that considers human to be the most important species with a superior worth than other species Human beings continually destroy and consume natural resources for their own interest to the point of degradation and worst to extinction

Anthropocentric Model

Humankind is merely a portion of the biological system of community and that we have the vital role as guardians of nature Both living and nonliving organisms are reliant on the processes in the ecosystem

Ecocentric Model

Human Being’s Approaches to Environment

Instrumental Approach Axiological Approach Anthropological Approach Utilitarianism Natural Law Ethics Virtue Ethics Perspective

Human Being’s Approaches to Environment

Instrumental Approach Axiological Approach Anthropological Approach Utilitarianism Natural Law Ethics Virtue Ethics Perspective

Humans protect the environment because it has value or importance

Instrumental Approach

Humans protect the environment because it has value or importance

Instrumental Approach

Human beings recognize the intrinsic value of the environment

Axiological Approach

Human beings unveil his or her being as human or what being human ought to be

Anthropological Approach

The right way of giving value to the environment boils down to the greatest happiness for majority

Utilitarianism

Human beings respect nature because God created it for divine purpose

Natural Law Ethics

Human beings respect nature because God created it for divine purpose

Natural Law Ethics

The care and respect to the environment becomes a habitual performance

Virtue Ethics Perspective

Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ (Praise be to You) on the care of our common home

Response to the cry of the earth Response to the cry of the poor Ecological economics Adoption of simple lifestyles Ecological education Ecological spirituality Community engagement and participatory action

task of supervising or taking care of something

Stewardship

Humans have the responsibility to take care, protect, and cultivate his or her potentialities, faculties, and functions, but this responsibility is not limited to his or her own self, instead it extends to his or her environment (Timbreza, 1982) For the benefit of all

The Spirit of Stewardship

It does not mean that we have the freedom and authority to manipulate or control creations or environment

Human = Summit of Creation

It does not mean that we have the freedom and authority to manipulate or control creations or environment

Human = Summit of Creation

In this relationship between humans and the environment, one is being objectified by the other one The important matter to look at this point is that the problem in their relationship is when man chooses to act against the environment without considering its response resulting to uncontrolled natural calamities

The Spirit of Nonexistence

Human recognized their dependency on the environment As we try to appreciate the nature and system of the environment, we get to care more and cultivate that understanding of its value This acknowledgement still is what benefits humans

The Spirit of Coexistence

Environment is an object to be experienced and used which exists for technological processing in human eyes Humans are detached from the otherness

I - It Relation

I - He/She

Environment is considered as a Thou; as a subject in its wholeness Human relates it with a Thou (You) to attain self-realization There is respect and acceptance of the possibilities and consciousness of the environment Acknowledgement of the environment as an entity or a subject that when taken care of reach its maximum potentials in this world

I - Thou Relation