bwct philo Flashcards
“Man is always more than what he knows about himself”
Karl Jaspers
German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy
Existentialist philosopher
Known in the philosophy of mind
From being a psychiatrist, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system
Karl Jaspers
Our being is lost in a context of total determination. Thus, questions such as “who am I?” lead us to the depth of our being. (Karl Jaspers)
This task will call us to leave the ‘ordinariness’ of the given time and context in our existence
Discovering the Self
Generally and commonly defined to represent the entire human race
Man
Various classifications and species
For a living man, is under the classification of Mammalia
Human
Term used to separate man from other human classifications like animals
Human Being
Term used to separate man from other human classifications like animals
Human Being
Individual who possesses self-awareness, self-determination, rational mind (rational beings know that you are a body and soul), and the capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself
Person
State of being a person with unique, sacred, and ethical status within himself/herself
Personhood
Deepest and natural behavior of a person that distinguish from animals
Human Nature
With a body, which is tangible and has 3 components: soul, mind, and spirit
Entitled and granted rights and privileges by the state which he or she legally belongs
Human Person
-Animating core living within each of us
-Driving force behind what we actually think, do, and say
-refers to the inseparable union of human and soul
-The body is not separate from the soul, just as the soul is not separate from the body
embodied spirit
-Karl Jaspers name the situations that is inevitable in our existence as ‘limited’ human beings
-It opens us an opportunity to engage in the philosophical question, “who am i?”
-Leads us to sometimes question the answers that we usually associate with it
-The “I” will be the content of the question itself
Boundary Situations
-Karl Jaspers name the situations that is inevitable in our existence as ‘limited’ human beings
-It opens us an opportunity to engage in the philosophical question, “who am i?”
-Leads us to sometimes question the answers that we usually associate with it
-The “I” will be the content of the question itself
Boundary Situations
This common human experience breaks us away from our
Conventional and mundane patterns of life
Theory that the mental and the physical – or mind and body or mind and brain – are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing
Dualism
Philosophy attributes the soul or spirit as the mind or our mental capacity
Dualism
Philosophy attributes the soul or spirit as the mind or our mental capacity
Dualism
The soul exists prior to the body and even after the body is gone
Theory of Forms
The body and soul are separable
The body and soul are different substances and have different functions (Dualism)
Improved by Rene Descartes
Theory of forms
Theory of Forms is improved by
Rene Descartes
It asserts that the physical realm is only a shadow, or image, of the true reality of the Realm of Forms
Everything we see is just a reflection of those in the world of forms
World of Matter (Material Realm)
Unchanging
The place where sanctified souls are believed to live after death
Soul: Immaterial, indestructible, immutable, unchanging; parang sperm cell; independent of the body; immortal
All truths of things are here
The human soul pre-existed in the world of forms ideas; this is why the soul is immortal
Full of perfection
World of Forms (Eternal Realm)
Unchanging
The place where sanctified souls are believed to live after death
Soul: Immaterial, indestructible, immutable, unchanging; parang sperm cell; independent of the body; immortal
All truths of things are here
The human soul pre-existed in the world of forms ideas; this is why the soul is immortal
Full of perfection
World of Forms (Eternal Realm)
pre-existed in the world of forms ideas. This is why the soul is immortal.
Human Soul
Just a soul using a body
After death, the body is left in the world of matter to rot, while the soul rises to the world of forms and wait for another body
Human Person
who said? The soul and body are one. At birth, there is a soul and a body. The soul since birth is the same until death. A human person needs a soul and a body to live.
Body and soul are inseparable
Improved by St. Thomas Aquinas
Aristotle
From where? Ask “who am I?” because the soul inside your body is not the soul intended for you
A question from the idea of Plato
If the soul has experienced a different life before entering our body, who am I?
Indian Philosophy
Mutable
Material
Destructible
Body = Matter
Immutable
Material
Indestructible
Soul = Form
Acknowledges the existence of his body, a figure that occupies space
Recognizes the existence of his mind, spirit, or soul as he looks at his ability to think, move, and feel, which his mind or reasoning
Dualism
A theory that there is only one fundamental kind, category of thing or principle
It posits that reality is fundamentally composed of a single substance or essence
Monism
Catholic priest in the Dominican Order and is considered to be one of the most important medieval philosophers and theologians
Doctor of the Church
Summa Theologica
St. Thomas Aquinas
Recognized for his work giving 5 philosophical proof of God’s existence
In his study, he emphasizes the actuality and incorporeality of God as the “unmoved mover”
Platonian Philosophy
St. Thomas Aquinas
Body is the matter and the soul is the form which unity makes a being possible. It will cease to exist if one is missing. This is what we witness in death.
Monism
We see this belief in Christianity where the body and soul are believed to be God’s creation. It sees humans as an embodied soul.
Christianity’s perspective on Body and Soul
who said? Explores the notion of inner sense which we can understand as reflection or introspection. This activity engages us in our consciousness. This consciousness is the essence of our personal identity.
John Locke
recognizes self as a rational agent who is responsible for his/her own thoughts and attitude; reasoning and thinking
Rationalist
consciousness is consciousness of something; life or state of the person
Existentialist
sees the self as an embodied subjectivity that exist and gives meaning; lived experience
Phenomenologist
often leads us to contemplate our existence and contemplating about our existence brings us terror or depressing thoughts.
Consciousness
Thinking, reasoning, understanding, comparing, analyzing are all associated with our faculty of reason
It enables us to discover more about ourselves and in the long run will help us endure and survive life
The more we made use of this faculty, the more we live a fulfilling life
Reason
Thinking, reasoning, understanding, comparing, analyzing are all associated with our faculty of reason
It enables us to discover more about ourselves and in the long run will help us endure and survive life
The more we made use of this faculty, the more we live a fulfilling life
Reason
A view that considers human to be the most important species with a superior worth than other species
Human beings continually destroy and consume natural resources for their own interest to the point of degradation and worst to extinction
Anthropocentric Model
A view that considers human to be the most important species with a superior worth than other species
Human beings continually destroy and consume natural resources for their own interest to the point of degradation and worst to extinction
Anthropocentric Model
Humankind is merely a portion of the biological system of community and that we have the vital role as guardians of nature
Both living and nonliving organisms are reliant on the processes in the ecosystem
Ecocentric Model
Humankind is merely a portion of the biological system of community and that we have the vital role as guardians of nature
Both living and nonliving organisms are reliant on the processes in the ecosystem
Ecocentric Model
Human Being’s Approaches to Environment
Instrumental Approach
Axiological Approach
Anthropological Approach
Utilitarianism
Natural Law Ethics
Virtue Ethics Perspective
Human Being’s Approaches to Environment
Instrumental Approach
Axiological Approach
Anthropological Approach
Utilitarianism
Natural Law Ethics
Virtue Ethics Perspective
Humans protect the environment because it has value or importance
Instrumental Approach
Humans protect the environment because it has value or importance
Instrumental Approach
Human beings recognize the intrinsic value of the environment
Axiological Approach
Human beings unveil his or her being as human or what being human ought to be
Anthropological Approach
The right way of giving value to the environment boils down to the greatest happiness for majority
Utilitarianism
Human beings respect nature because God created it for divine purpose
Natural Law Ethics
Human beings respect nature because God created it for divine purpose
Natural Law Ethics
The care and respect to the environment becomes a habitual performance
Virtue Ethics Perspective
Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ (Praise be to You) on the care of our common home
Response to the cry of the earth
Response to the cry of the poor
Ecological economics
Adoption of simple lifestyles
Ecological education
Ecological spirituality
Community engagement and participatory action
task of supervising or taking care of something
Stewardship
Humans have the responsibility to take care, protect, and cultivate his or her potentialities, faculties, and functions, but this responsibility is not limited to his or her own self, instead it extends to his or her environment (Timbreza, 1982)
For the benefit of all
The Spirit of Stewardship
It does not mean that we have the freedom and authority to manipulate or control creations or environment
Human = Summit of Creation
It does not mean that we have the freedom and authority to manipulate or control creations or environment
Human = Summit of Creation
In this relationship between humans and the environment, one is being objectified by the other one
The important matter to look at this point is that the problem in their relationship is when man chooses to act against the environment without considering its response resulting to uncontrolled natural calamities
The Spirit of Nonexistence
In this relationship between humans and the environment, one is being objectified by the other one
The important matter to look at this point is that the problem in their relationship is when man chooses to act against the environment without considering its response resulting to uncontrolled natural calamities
The Spirit of Nonexistence
Human recognized their dependency on the environment
As we try to appreciate the nature and system of the environment, we get to care more and cultivate that understanding of its value
This acknowledgement still is what benefits humans
The Spirit of Coexistence
Environment is an object to be experienced and used which exists for technological processing in human eyes
Humans are detached from the otherness
I - It Relation
I - He/She
-
Environment is considered as a Thou; as a subject in its wholeness
Human relates it with a Thou (You) to attain self-realization
There is respect and acceptance of the possibilities and consciousness of the environment
Acknowledgement of the environment as an entity or a subject that when taken care of reach its maximum potentials in this world
I - Thou Relation
