enamu philo Flashcards
1
Q
- A remark when you tried to argue and reason out
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Pilosopo
2
Q
- Said when someone is trying to be witty with their reasoning that made us speechless
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Pilosopo
3
Q
- Those who study philosophy as an academic discipline are perpetually engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to life’s most basic questions
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Philosopher
4
Q
Philos
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LOVE
5
Q
Sophia
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WISDOM
6
Q
Philosophy
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Love for wisdom
7
Q
- An activity that people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other
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Philosophy
8
Q
- Will teach us how to argue and defend our ideas and beliefs, but at the same time being open to other possibilities as we progress in time, collaboration with others, and truth confrontation
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Philosophy
9
Q
- Big ideas arising from big questions
- One of the main branches of philosophy
- Deals with the “beings of beings”
- Study of reality
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Metaphysics
10
Q
- Aspect of philosophy
- Arguments or reasons given for people’s answers to their questions
- Employed to study the nature and structure of arguments
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Logic
11
Q
- Stimulates us to venture into philosophy
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Wonder
11
Q
- Ability to discern and judge which aspects of that knowledge are true, right, lasting, and applicable to your life
- To be wise is to know the truth
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Wisdom
11
Q
- About facts and ideas that we acquire through study
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Knowledge
11
Q
To know the necessary truths and its logical consequences
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Theoretical Wisdom
11
Q
Classifications of wisdom
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Theoretical Wisdom
Practical Wisdom
12
Q
- A part of the whole
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Particular
12
Q
Knowledge in the realm of action
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Practical Wisdom
12
Q
- Always rooted from a bigger triggering problem or situation
- The beginning to finding an answer is to ask a philosophical question
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Philosophical Question
13
Q
- To think of an answer to these questions is to engage in a -
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Philosophical Reflection
14
Q
- German philosopher
- Studies metaphysics
- What makes philosophy different in science is that a scientific question is always confined to the particular, whereas a philosophical question “leads into the totality of beings” and “inquires into the whole” (The Essence of Human Freedom)
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Martin Heidegger
14
Q
- The whole
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Universal
15
Q
- Most famous works of plato
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a. Apology: an account of Socrates’s trial
b. Republic: Theory of Forms
15
Q
There were things that device, confuse, or mislead in this world
- Looking for real answers requires much intellectual effort and rational ability
- Student of Socrates
- Teacher to Aristotle
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Plato
16
Q
is a technique to resolve philosophical questions; dates back to the ancient Greek; art of refutation; grew more in the modern era in the form of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis
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- Dialectics
16
- Left no writings but conversed with people from all walks of like using question and answer as a concrete living out of his famous advice—”know thyself”
- His commitment to philosophy was the reason he was condemned to death
- His life is a puzzle because Plato, Xenophon, and Aristophanes presented differing accounts
- One must admit that he is not wise
Socrates
17
is considered as a result of collaboration with partners in dialogue or conversation
- Philosophical discovery
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- used dialectics, demonstrating consistency and clarity
- Socrates
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proposed the dialectical pattern in history—the interplay of opposing ideas is needed for growth
G.W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx
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- Surpassed his teacher by the number of works he wrote and diverse fields he studied (i.e. philosophy, biology, politics, psychology, and art)
- Tutored a 13-year-old boy Alexander the Great
- Aristotle also put up a school in Athens called Lyceum
Aristotle
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Philosophical Thought in 3 Views
Cosmocentric View (Ancient Philosophy)
Theocentric View (Medieval Period)
Anthropocentric View (Modern View)
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- Understand the ultimate nature of the world
- In Western philosophy, Thales was the first to wonder about the origin of the universe that led him to the view that water is the underlying principle of all things
Cosmocentric View (Ancient Philosophy)
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- Church sustained man’s intellect in which the world became secondary to God
- Philosophers such as Avicenna, St. Augustine, and St. Thomas Aquinas existed
- E.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto
Theocentric View (Medieval Period)
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- A time of subjectivity and individualism—centered on man
- Result of rising modern science and the diminished power of the church in 17th century
Anthropocentric View (Modern View)
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- Knowledge is acquired through reason independent of sense experience
- Knowledge is based on ideas
Rationalism
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- All knowledge is ultimately derived from sense experience
Empiricism
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3 Claims of Socrates
1. Know thyself
2. The unexamined life is not worth living
3. Virtue is knowledge of good and bad
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- When we fail to examine what we think, we missed the opportunity to know ourselves better
- Engaging in philosophical reflection makes us realize what we really believe in once we are challenged to defend our claims
- Guide us to more questions and ideas
Second Claim
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- Socrates’s method of philosophizing is through a series of questioning and answering
- Compelled people to think, to defend their views, and to account for what they know and do not know
Socratic Method
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- Result of asking philosophical questions upon knowing our thoughts and actions
- Virtue is knowledge because to truly know what is good leads to the actual doing of good
- One who pretends to know what is good does not choose to do what is good
Third Claim
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- A philosopher or pilosopo is a lover of wisdom—someone who observes, thinks, sees clearly, and speaks the truth
- What the world needs are people whole speak truth and help in making necessary reforms for a better future
Pilosopo as a Social Critic
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- Evading the argument by pretending to address
- An important study of arguments so we can create reasoning that are mindful and valid, and not to deceive
Fallacy
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- A statement about the word or reality
- May or may not carry the truth
Proposition
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- Clear awareness and understanding of something
- Product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts
Knowledge
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- Proposition or statement which are observe to be real or truthful
- Something concrete that can be proven
- Found in legal records and scientific findings
- Truth and accepted as such
Facts
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- Less concrete
- New formed the mind of a person about a particular issue
- What someone believes or thinks, and is not necessarily the truth
Opinion
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- A statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true
- Any - can be proven by verification and experimentation
Claim
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- To think or express oneself in a philosophical manner
- Considers or discusses a manner from a philosophical standpoint’s phenomena
Philosophizing
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- How we process the data in our mind
- Using of logic
Rationalism
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- Investigated by philosophical reflection which the world is constituted as lived, experienced, thought of, and it in relation to another phenomenon
Phenomenon
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- Think or express oneself in a philosophical manner.
Philosophizing
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- Used in truth-making to see things-as-they-appear-to-us in truth-making
Empiricism
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- The way we personally come up with the understanding of love is rooted upon our personal experience of the said phenomenon. It will also be influenced by what we see in our environment: may it be media or the values imparted to us by our family or friends. This is truth-making
Truth Making
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- Internet
- Misinformation has also arise. As truth and facts become readily available so is the widespread of lies and misinformation.
Democratization of Information
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enables us to see beyond what we initially perceive and better ourselves.
PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION
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- It is a knowledge of understanding
Episteme
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- It is a common belief or popular opinion
Doxa
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- A branch of philosophy dedicated in to the study of knowledge and the problems that revolves around it.
Epistemology
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certain
knowledge
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uncertain
opinion
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- As Plato, knowledge is certain and opinion are those which are uncertain. Relying on opinion and basing everything on appearances and not reality leads us to ignorance.
- Aristotle developed syllogism. Wherein, starting with premises, valid arguments will be inferred. Valid syllogism is proof or demonstration of truth.
ANCIENT ROOTS
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- A deductive argument of a certain form where a conclusion is inferred from two premises.
Syllogism
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- Serve as an explanation as to why the conclusion is valid or acceptable
- An assumption that something is true.
Premise
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- The consequences formed from the premises.
- Final part
Conclusion
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- “Father of Modern Philosophy”
RENE DESCARTES
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cogito ergo sum
- “I think, therefore, I am”
48
- “Demolish everything completely” he literally scrutinized every belief in which he could imagine the least doubt as though he knew that it was absolutely false.
- Using “doubt” he had a medium of distinguishing opinion from knowledge.
- Opinions are those that can be doubted; ack of clarity and dubious.
- Knowledge on the other hand, is indubitable and thus certain.
RENE DESCARTES
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- French writer and philosopher.
- “Grammatology” his famous work
- Deconstructionism is attributed to him.
JACQUES DERRIDA
50
- challenges traditional views in philosophy by looking at structures of language to open up to limitless interpretation.
Deconstructionism
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- He is a philosopher, historian, mathematician, and logician who is known as the founder of analytical philosophy.
BERTRAND RUSSEL
51
- believed that true propositions are those correspond with reality.
- Example, it is true that someone is your friend if that someone is really a friend to you. So, if he/she betrays you, then your claim will be false.
CORRESPONDENCE THEORY
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- views reality as nothing but a conceptual construct.
Postmodernism
52
- It is only in the context of a sentence that a word has a meaning.
Context Principle
53
- The things we point to by name
- Just the literal name of the object you are referring to.
Reference
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- It is understood as meaning
- Symbolizes something and create meaning
- Ex. Red rose means love, passion, and romance
Sense
54
- German philosopher who is attributed to be the phenomenological movement.
- “A General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology”, set motion to a new school of thought that has influenced many until today.
- He’s idea in phenomenology also gives rise to the taught that everyone can know the truth themselves. If they want to, anyone can be a phenomenologist.
EDMUND HUSSERL
55
- When we are comfortable with the things that we already know
Natural Attitude
55
- It emphasizes that we should not be too entrapped with the parts only but also the whole. And so, this approach pursues on trying to make us see very phenomenon or object in a true and purified meanings.
Phenomenology
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- It is when we direct our consciousness to investigate the essence of a phenomenon.
Transcendental Attitude
57
I think, therefore, I am
Cogito ergo sum
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I think, therefore, I am
Cogito ergo sum
