BUSETH 30ITEMS QUIZ Flashcards
-A Greek Philosopher from Athens
-One of the founders of Western Philosophy
-First moral philosophers of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
-Grew up during the golden age of Pericles’ Athens
-Served with merit as a soldier, but became best acknowledged as a questioner of everything and everyone.
Socrates (469-399 B.C.)
-Equated knowledge with virtue which ultimately leads to ethical conduct.
-He believed that the only life worth living was one that was rigorously examined.
-He looked for principles and actions that were worth living by creating an ethical base upon which decisions should be made.
-“Have the courage to disagree”
Socrates (469-399 B.C.)
-Athenian Philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.
-Founder of the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
Plato (428 - 348 B.C.)
-Widely considered the pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle and the founder of the Academy.
-Introduced the idea that their mistakes were due to their not engaging properly with a class of entities he called forms, chief examples of which were Justice, Beauty, and Equality.
-Famous for his decisions on the subject of reality.
-“The power to rule”
Plato (428 - 348 B.C.)
COMPOSITION OF THE STATE
1.Knowledge or Wisdom
2. Courage
3. Temperance
4. Justice
when present in the whole, will be inherent in the smallest part, and the one which takes the lead and directs the rest.
Knowledge or Wisdom
goes inside an arena and battles in as defense.
Courage
control of certain desires and cravings
Temperance
universal principle that everyone ought to perform the one role in the community which best suits his nature.
Justice
-A Greek philosopher and a polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.
-Thought by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
-He provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him.
-It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as the problems and methods of inquiry.
-As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the west and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
-He emphasized that virtue is practical, and that the purpose of ethics is to become good, not merely to know.
-He also claims that the right course of action depends upon the details of a particular situation, rather than being generated by applying a law.
-The most practical and business oriented of all philosophers.
-The treatises of Aristotle have contributed to the study of ethics, as exemplified in his postulates in The Good Citizens and The Good Man.
-“Let people seek fulfillment”
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
-Chinese philosopher and politician of the spring and autumn period who was traditionally considered the paragon of Chineses sages.
Confucius (551 - 479 B.C.E.)
-Also known as Master Kong Qiu.
Confucius (551 - 479 B.C.E.)
emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity.
Confucianism
was part of the Chinese social fabric and way of life
Confucianism
to - everyday life was the arena of religion.
Confucians
is widely considered one of the most important and influential individuals in human history.
Confucius
-His teaching and philosophy greatly affected people around the world and remain influential today.
- - values aid in the creation of business leaders who are the true leaders of the society
-His principles have commonality with Chinese tradition and belief.
-He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor veneration, and respect of elders by their children and husbands by their wives, recommending family as a basis for ideal government.
-“Do not do unto to others what you do not want done to yourself”
-“Live a contented, moral and happy life.
Confucius (551 - 479 B.C.E.)
Five Key Relationships
- Ruler - Subject
- Father - Son
- Husband - Wife
- Elder brother - Younger brother
- Friend - Friend
It is an ideology or set of principles that helps us to interpret our everyday reality. It is an organized ways to view the world, typically include a moral code, or way to love life.
BELIEF SYSTEM
-Indian religion and dharma, or way of life.
-The world’s third-largest religion.
-More accurately referred to as Sanātana Dharma, is said to have originated in the Indian subcontinent over 5000 years ago.
HINDUISM
was a misnomer used for the people who lived beyond the Sindhu River, and eventually the term Hinduism was coined to denote the Hindu residents of the Indian subcontinent.
Hindu
means eternal, which has no beginning or end. It is beyond the constraints of time, and that is why it is said to be the oldest living religion in the world.
Sanātana
translated as religion, righteousness or duty. Etymologically it is derived from the Sanskrit root dhr, which means to uphold. Dharma points to the essential Truth which supports life as we know it. It also shows us the path of righteousness to reach the goal.
Dharma
is referred to as “a way of life”.
Sanātana Dharma
HINDUISM Main ideas:
- Polytheistic
- Goal is to unite with Brahma
- Reincarnate to get closer to Brahma
- Dharma is “the way of life”
- Karma - good gets good, bad gets bad
- Ganges River is sacred
-A faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“The -”) more than 1,500 years ago in India,
-It encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the - and resulting interpreted philosophies.
BUDDHISM
they often meditate because they believe it helps awaken truth.
There are many philosophies and interpretations within Buddhism, making it a tolerant and evolving religion.
Buddhist
the goal of Buddhism is to overcome suffering (duhkha) caused by desire, attachment to a static self, and ignorance of the true nature of reality (avidya).
Buddha’s Four Noble Truths
Most Buddhist traditions emphasize transcending the individual self through the attainment of Nirvana or by following the path of Buddhahood, ending the cycle of death and rebirth.
- The Truth of Suffering
- The Truth of the Cause of Suffering
- The truth of the End of Suffering
- The Truth of the Path To The End of Suffering.
The Eightfold Path in Everyday Life
- Right Livelihood (Have I lost sight of my calling)
- Right Understanding (Am I seeing what’s really there, or what I want to see?)
- Right Intention (Am I truly committed to living compassionately?)
- Right Effort (Am I pushing myself hard or not hard enough)
- Right Action (Do I always practice what I preach?)
- Right Speech (Am I saying anything behind people’s backs that I wouldn’t say to their faces?)
- Right Concentration (Am I focusing on the right things?)
- Right Mindfulness (Am I fully aware of the present moment).
Buddhism Main Ideas:
- No God
- Goal is to reach Nirvana (Enlightenment)
- Reincarnation to try to reach Nirvana
- Four Noble Truth - Life is suffering because of desire
- Eightfold Faith - How to end desire and reach Nirvana.
-An Ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality.
-It is also known as Ruism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China and variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
CONFUCIANISM
CONFUCIANISM main ideas:
- No God
- Five relationships - everyone has a position that must be respected to keep order in society
- Ruler to ruled
- Father to son
- Older brother to younger brother
- Husband to wife
- Friend to Friend
- Filial Piety - respect for elders.
-A monotheistic developed among the ancient Hebrews.
-It is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with scriptures and rabbinic traditions.
JUDAISM
Three main beliefs at the center of Judaism:
Monotheism,
Identity, and
Covenant (an agreement between God and his people).
Judaism Main Ideas:
- Founded by Abraham/Moses
- Monotheistic
- 10 Commandments
- Holy book is the Torah (Old Testament)
- Diaspora - Jews were forced to leave Israel and search for a place to practice.
-It is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
-Its adherents, known as - , believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament.
CHRISTIANITY
believe Jesus is the Son of God. He is God. This belief is known as incarnation. They believe that through becoming human as Jesus, God revealed something of himself to the world.
CHRISTIANITY
believe in a triune God: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit.
CHRISTIANITY
3 Major Branches of CHRISTIANITY
- Roman Catholicism
- Protestantism (Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, and Evangelicals)
- `Christian Practices
CHRISTIANITY Main Ideas:
- Founded by Jesus (The Messiah)
- Monotheistic
- 10 Commandments
- Holy Book - Bible
-An Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that Muhammad is a messenger of God. They worship one, all knowing God, who in Arabic is known as Allah
ISLAM
primary scriptures of Islam believed to be the verbatim word of God, as well as the teachings and actions of Muhammad.
Quran
“submission of God”
Islam
the followers of Islam
Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah.
Muslims
-Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets, including Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
-Muslims consider the Quran in Arabic to be the unaltered and final revelation of God
-Islam also teaches a final judgement with the righteous rewarded in paradise and the unrighteous punished in hell.
-Religious practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, as well as following Islamic Law (sharia), which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment.
Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
- Faith (Shahada)
- Prayer (Salah)
- Fasting Sawn)
- Charity (Zakat)
- Pilgrimage (Hajj)
islam Main Ideas:
- Founded by Muhammad
- Monotheistic - Allah
- Five Pillars of Faith
- The Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca
- Sharia Law
BENEFITS AND IMPACT OF RELIGIONS
- Honesty
- No Hidden Fees
- Lending
- Donation
- Chinese New Year
- Policies
- Dress Code Policies
