PHC and Health Promotion

Question 1

What is PHC?

Answer 1

Comprehensive community approach to health that aims to ensure highest level of health/equitable distribution by focusing on peoples needs. Social justice is central to PHC. Provides essential health care.

Question 2

5 principles of PHC?

Answer 2

1. Accessibility- effective health care is accessible/equitable to all, right provider gives right care at right time in right place
2. Active public participation- individual/families/communities actively participate in decision affecting their health
3. Health promotion/chronic disease prevention+management- goal of hp is enable people to live healthier, activities r/t health education/advocacy/participation by community
4. Use of tech. and innovation- effective healthcare use tech. based on health needs of communities
5. Intersectional collaboration- work together with other sectors that influence health

Question 3

What are the 3 approaches of PHC?

Answer 3

1. Primary health care/public health- delivered at personal and population level, they are complementary, delivery of continuum of health services
   -personal- primary care (acute care, chronic disease management)
   -population- public health approach, health promotion/disease prevention
2. multi sectoral policy/action- law/regulation, info/education, changes in built environment, communication campaigns
3. Empower people/communities- people for for self/others, people are advocates, people co-develop health/social services

Question 4

Why would PHC be good for Canada?

Answer 4

Ensures health inequity, better for aging population, it achieves universal health care for all, focuses on prevention/promotion, and it allows healthcare systems to adapt/respond to global challenges.

Question 5

What is the 5 criteria of Canada Health Act?

Answer 5

1- Public Administration- provinces accountable for funding they receive, health insurance manage by non profit authorit.
2- Accessibility- have access to insured services without charge or pay user fees
3- Comprehensiveness- provides health insurance programs include medically necessary services, all services provided by hospitals/physicians
4- Universality- provides provide services to all insured people with terms/conditions
5- Portability- cover insured services to Canadians visiting another province for < 3 months

Question 6

Leadership in nursing?

Answer 6

Includes critical thinking, action, advocacy. It happens in all roles and domains of nursing practice.

Question 7

What are the 5 points of leadership?

Answer 7

1. Ethical- commitment to code of ethics, address equity
2. Inclusive- it is both progress and outcome
3. Critical- reflect on how care is delivered, whose needs are met/unmet, self reflect
4. Transformative- ask why and what if
5. Educative- ask if status quo is meeting needs, lean/engage to envision new ways

Question 8

What should nurses do for environmental health?

Answer 8

Advocate for/work towards eliminating social inequities by support environmental preservation. Reduce harmful practices to environment and maintain awareness of global health concerns.

Question 9

What is climate change?

Answer 9

Increases in temperature, hot extremes in inhabited regions, ocean temperature has increased, heavy precipitation and droughts. Causes severe weather, air pollution.

Question 10

What is ecotoxicity?

Answer 10

We have created toxic organic chemicals with no natural detoxifying mechanism.

Question 11

What is health promotion?

Answer 11

Involves activities r/t health education, illness prevention, community participation (vaccines, HH), disease prevention. Day to day lifestyle tips to be healthier (nutrition, vaccine, exercise, avoid alcohol/tobacco).

Question 12

What is population health?

Answer 12

Improves health of entire population. Aims to reduce health inequities among population groups and addresses the determinants of health.

Question 13

What are 5 strategies for health promotion?

Answer 13

Strengthen community action (empower, plan, implement, evaluate with communities). Build health public policy, create supportive environments, develop personal skills (individual level) and reorienting health services (are health services working, education of providers).

Question 14

What is population health promotion model?

Answer 14

1. Who- who we act with- family, individual, community
2. What- on what we take action, determination of health area where action can improve- education, health services
3. How- how we take action to improve health

All of this is underlined by evidence based practice to make decisions and awareness of values/assumptions.

Question 15

What are health equity barriers?

Answer 15

Programs are focused at individual level for health promotion. Population health focuses in biomedical model. Policy is created by those with power.

Question 16

Structural approaches?

Answer 16

They are upstream approaches. They take into account structural barriers to health. Intersecotral action on determinants of health and wider variety of strategies. Engage with vulnerable communities to understand their strength/oppressions.

Question 17

What is the upstream view?

Answer 17

Modifies economic/political/environmental factors that are precursors of poor health.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of health promotion?

Answer 18

Enables, mediates, and advocates. considers context of health issue, holistic approach, long term perspective,multi sectoral, and draws on knowledge from social/economic/environmental/medical nursing science.

Question 19

What are the 5 criteria of ottawa charter action strategies?

Answer 19

Strengthen community action, build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, develop personal skills, and reorient health services.