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ANT 1001 Lecture > Pharynx & Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharyx is a ?

A

Fibromuscular tube; semicircular in cross section. Collapsable tube

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2
Q

Where is the pharyx located anteriory-postiriorly

A

Anterior to the vertebral collum, posterior to the nasal & oral cavitys, and trachean

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3
Q

Where does the pharynx run?

A

From the base of the skull to the lower boarder of the cricoid cartilage
C6

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4
Q

Compare pharynx of a male vs female.

A

pharyx is variable in nature
* Male= Longer
* Female= shorter

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5
Q

How many muscles are responsibe for action of pharynx and how are they layered? Aid in what?

A

6 muscles; aid in act of swallowing
* 3 circularly layered on top of one another
* 3 Vertically oriented

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6
Q

How long is the pharynx and what are the 3 segments?

A

5 inches long
1. Nasopharynx (breath)
2. Oropharynx (swallow)
3. Laryngopharynx (hypo, voice)

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7
Q

What does the pharynx move?

A
  • Food to esophagus
  • Air to lungs
    swallowing, breathing, voice
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8
Q

Pharynx in infants?

A

Much higher and easily viewed when they have their mouth open

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9
Q

extension of the Nasal Airway Important route of respiration

A

Nasopharynx

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10
Q

continuation of nasopharynx and now also involves swallowing – major area of concern associated with the tongue and airway collapse

A

Oropharynx

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11
Q

What is a major area of concern with tongue and airway collapse?

A

The oropharynx

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12
Q

continuation of the oropharynx – leads to esophagus and trachea, give rise ot airway

where esophagus & trachea divide

A

Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

What is located in the nasopharynx?

A
  • Adenoids
  • Opening of eustacian tubes
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14
Q

What form when the nasopharynx is infected?

A

Nasal Polyps

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15
Q

Clinical relevance of the nasal airway?

A

Supply air to body leads into the Nasopharynx

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16
Q

What 4 things are involved in the oropharynx?

A
  1. Soft palate
  2. Uvula
  3. Tonsils
  4. Base of tongue
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17
Q

Clinical relevance of the oropharynx?

A
  • Swallowing
  • 1st line of defence against infection (tonsils)
  • Collapse of oropharynx is assc. withe sleep apnea
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18
Q

Clinical relevance of the laryngopharynx?

A
  • Transition into esophagus & trachea
  • Continue with swallowing & breathing
  • Collapse is also factor in apnea
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19
Q

How many layers are in the wall of the pharynx?

A

5 Layers
Innermost:
1. Mucous membrane
2. Submucosa
3. Pharyngobasilar fasia
4. Muscular
5. Buccopharyngeal fasia

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20
Q

Wall of pharynx

Innermost layer of wall

A

Mucous Membrane

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21
Q

Wall of pharynx

Layer on top of mucros memebrane

A

Submucosa

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22
Q

Wall of pharynx

Explain the Pharyngobasilar fascia

A
  • 3 layer out
  • anchors the pharynx to the skull * a fibrous layer
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23
Q

Wall of pharynx

Explain muscular layer

A
  • Superior consrictor is innermost
  • Inferior constrictor outermost
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24
Q

Wall of pharynx

Explain buccopharyngeal fascia?

A
  • loose layer of connective tissue; outermost
  • continuous with fascia over Buccinator muscle and pharyngeal muscles
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25
Q

What is the superior skeletal attachment of the pharynx?

A

Posterior edge of the medial pterygoid plate, inferior ot the pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube)

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26
Q

What is th inferior attachment of the pharynx?

A

From the pteygoid hamulus, The pterygomandibular raphe, joining with the buccinator

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27
Q

U shaped fasica that attaches to the upper part of the pharyx and other soft tissue?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

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28
Q

How does the pharynx relate to the hyoid bone?

A

Relates to the hyoid bone at the lower aspect of the stylohyoid ligamaent.

Continues along lesser horn to greater horn

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29
Q

Where does the most inferior part of the pharynx attach?

A

Most inferior part attaches at the superior tubercle of thyroid cartilage to inferior tubercle continues to cricoid cartilage where it ends

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30
Q

What is the innermost layer of the wall of the pharynx?

A

Mucous membrane, continuous with the lining of mouth and trachea

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31
Q

What is the 2nd layer outer to the mucousa of the wall of the pharynx?

A

Submucousa, between the mucosa and muscles; thicker in basilar portion of the occipital area, thinner as it descends.

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32
Q

Where does the buccinator muscles connect?

A

Superior constrictor at the ptergomandibular raphe

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33
Q

What is the key structure for where the needle is going to pass to anesthetize the Inferior alveolar nerve?

A

pterygomandibular raphe

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34
Q

What are the 4 categories of things the pharynx is composed of?

A
  • 3 constrictor muscles
  • 3 longitudinal muscles
  • Soft palate
  • Cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)
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35
Q

What is the pharyngeal Fasica>

A

Connects the pharyx to the skull

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36
Q

The 3 constrictor muscles begin to intergrate in what area?

A

Around Larynx

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37
Q

What provies the main sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal Plexus

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38
Q

What 3 branches make up the pharyngeal plexus?

A
  1. Pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal (CN9)
  2. Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus (CN10)
  3. Cranial portion of spinal acessory (CN 11)
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39
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  1. Pterygopharyngeal
  2. Buccopharyngeal
  3. Mylopharyngeal
  4. Glossopharyngeal
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40
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the Middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

1.Chondropharyngeal
2.Ceratopharyngeal

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41
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  1. Thyropharyngeal
  2. Cricopharyngeal
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42
Q

What occurs nea the inferior constrictor muscles?

A

WHere esophagus and trachea seperate

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43
Q
A
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43
Q

What is the action of the superior & middle constrictor muscles?

A

constricts upper and middle portion of the pharynx

44
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Superior and middle constrictor muscles?

A

pharyngeal plexus

45
Q

What is the 2 motor innervations of the superior and middile constrictor muscles?

A
  • Pharyngeal branch of Vagus CN10
  • Cranial part of accesory CN11
46
Q

What are the 2 sensory innevration of the Superior & middle constrictor?

A
  • Vagus CN10
  • Hypoglossal CN12
47
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscules of the pharynx?

A
  • Stylo-pharyngeus
  • Salp-pingo-pharyngeus
  • Palato-pharyngeays
48
Q

The palatopharyngeus does what?

A
  • Elevates the pharynx
  • Closes the oropharyngeal isthmus (soft pallete)
48
Q

The:
* Stylo-pharyngeus
* Salp-pingo-pharyngeus
do what?

A

Elevate the pharynx

49
Q

What are other 2 muscle of interest?

A
  1. Tensor Veli paletini (spread out)
  2. Levator veli paletinin (elavte soft pallete)

Swallowing

50
Q

What occurs if the the tensor and levator veli paletine muscles are affected during oral surgery?

A

They lost function in those muscles and have trouble swallowing.

51
Q

area where anatomical structures enter and exit the pharynx how many? holes in primarly constrictor m.

A

4 Aperatures of the pharynx.
Allows for blood vessles and nerves to enter/exit

52
Q

What are the 4 aperatures?

A
  1. Bwtn Base of skull & sup. constrictor
  2. Btwn sup. constrictor
  3. Btwn middle and inferior contsrictor
  4. In inferior constrictor
53
Q

Aperature

What 4 things goes through the Bwtn Base of skull & sup. constrictor aperature?

A
  1. Auditory ube
  2. Levator palatini m.
  3. Ascending pharyngeal a.
  4. Ascending paletin a.
54
Q

Aperature

What 4 things goes through the Btwn superior and middle constrictor m aperature?

A
  1. Stylopharyngeus muscle
  2. Glossopharyngeal nerve (innervate tongue)
  3. Tonsillar branch of the ascending palatine a.
  4. Stylohyoid ligament (restrict mandibular opening)
55
Q

Aperature

What 2 things goes through the Btwn middle and inferior constrictor m aperature?

A
  1. Internal laryngeal n
  2. Superior laryngeal artery & vein
56
Q

Aperature

Where can throat pain stem from?

A

Calcifcation of the stylohyoid ligament

57
Q

Constriction of the aperatues can result in what?

A

Constirction of the sensory nerves in the area.

58
Q

What 2 things goes through the aperature below the inferior constrictor?

A
  1. Reccurent Largyngeal N (CN10)
  2. Inferior Laryngeal A & V
59
Q

What are the tonsils of the pharynx?

A

First line of defense bodies defense
* 4 Sets
* Walderys ring

60
Q

What are the 4 sets of tonsils?

A
  1. Pharygeal tonsils (adenoids)
  2. Palatine tonsils (tonsils)
  3. Lingual tonsils(post 3rd of tongue)
  4. Other **smaller lymphoid tisues **near eustasian tube in nasopharynx on upper surfae of soft palate
61
Q

What is the clinical significance of waldeyers ring?

A

Can create upper air way obstructions if they are infected or inflamed.

62
Q

WHen are tonsil structures more visible?

A

Age 0-4
Past that time they shrink cause bodies immune defense is more matrue.

63
Q

Explain the buccinator muscle

A
  • Modilus= Soft tissues attached to the orbicularis oris
  • Posteriorly minmal attachment to the superior constrictor at the pterygomandibular raphe
64
Q

What are the 5 blood supplie of the pharynx?

A
  1. Ascending pharyngeal (ECA)
  2. Ascending Palatine (branch off facial from ECA)
  3. Tonsilary a (branch off facial from ECA)
  4. Maxillary (ECA)
  5. Lingual a (ECA)
65
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery, posteriorly at same spot as superior thyroid artery and then goes to supply the pharynx (tiny artery)

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

66
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery anteriorly, moving forward into the **geoglossal muscles and supply the floor of the oral cavity **

A

Lingual Artery

67
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery across deep in the face. Terminal branch.

A

Maxillary Artery

68
Q

Artery that comes off facial artery from ECA goes superior and supplies the superior constrictor of the pharyx & palete

A

Ascending Paletine artery

69
Q

Artery that comes off the facial artery from ECA, goes superior to suply the angle of the mandbile and tonsils

A

Tosillary Artery

70
Q

What are the 5 nerves of the pharynx?

A

top to bottom
1. Vagus CN10
2. Pharygeal plexus
3. Glossopharyngeal CN9
4. Hypoglosal CN12
5. External larygneal
6. Reccurent Laryngeal (CN10)

71
Q

What occurs as the bolus of food moves back into the oropharynx by action of the tongue?

A

Soft Pallate elevates

Superior assit

72
Q

Ridge running along hard pallete and alows soft pallet to elevate.

A

Passavants Ridge

73
Q

2 muscles that assit in closing off the nasopharynx

Elevate expand soft pallete

A

Tensor & levator Veli palatine

74
Q

As bolus moves towardsesophagus larynx elevates which does what?

A

Epiglottis closes trachea off

75
Q

Explain larynx

A

Hollow multiligamentous structure

Framwork is mostly ligamentous; small

76
Q

Location of larynx and continuity? Contains?

A
  • Start posterior to tongue, anterior to pharynx & esophagus, suspened by hyoid.
  • C3-C6
  • Leads to trachea, cap to repiratory tract
  • Voice box
77
Q

What does the larynx prevent?

A

Prevents foreing bodies from entering air way, because it elevates when swalloing and makes epiglottis (supraglottis is soft tissue) seal off the trachea

78
Q

The larynx is formed by what?

A

9 Cartilages
* 3 paired
* 3 unpaied

More prominant in males

79
Q

How does the larynx act as voice box?

A

It is a valve to close airway and produce sound

80
Q

What is the lower part and muscular control of the epiglottis?

A

Subglottis

81
Q

WHat do you conduct at the cricoid lignament?

A

Tracheotomy

82
Q

What large muscles runs lateral to the trachea?

A

Sternocleidomastoids

83
Q

What is the largest and unpaired cartilage of the larynx? Located? Connects where?

A

Thryoid cartilage
* bwteen C4 & C6
* connect to hyoid

84
Q

What is the complte ring /unpaired cartilage of the larynx? Located? Connects where?

A

Cricoid cartilage
* Located at C6

85
Q

What paired cartilage of the larynx forms the framwork for the vocal cords?

A

Arytenoid Cartilge x2

85
Q

**Unpaired cartilage **of the larynx that closes off the airway?

A

Epiglottis

86
Q

2 minor cartilage that lie in the aryepiglottic folds of the larynx. Tiny ligaments, make up vocal cords

A
  1. Corniculate (minor)
  2. Cuneiform (minor)
87
Q

What does the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

make up voice box, contribute for vibration of sound

88
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Explain the cricthyroid m.

A
  • Only muscles outside larynx
  • Forward downward mvmt of thryroud cartilage
89
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Explain the posterior cricotenoid m?

A

Abduction (opening) and external rotation of arytenoid cartilage

90
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Lateral Cricoartenoid

Sound

A

internal rotation of arytenoid cartilage

91
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Explain the transvers arytenoid m.

Sound

A

adduction of arytenoid cartilage (narrowing)

92
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Oblique arytenoid

Sound

A

sphincter of laryngeal inlet (close)

93
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Thyro-arytenoid

Sound

A

sphincter of vestibule and of laryngeal inlet

94
Q

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

Vocalis

A

adjusts tension on the vocal folds

95
Q

Look

96
Q

What is the 2 arterial supply of the larynx?

A
  1. Superior laryngeal – from external carotid
  2. Inferior laryngeal – from Inferior thyroid artery
97
Q

What is the 2 venous drainage of the larynx?

A
  1. Superior laryngeal – drains into the the IJV via superior thyroid vein
  2. Inferior laryngeal drains into the brachiocephalic vein via the inferior thyroid
98
Q

Where do the motor and sensory innervation to the larynx come from?

A

Vagus CN10

99
Q

Nerve Supply of Larynx

What are the 3 nerves branches that innervate the Larynx

A
  1. Internal laryngeal; sensory from sup laryngeal (CN10 branch)
  2. External Laryngeal; motor from sup laryngeal (CN 10 Branch)
  3. Reccurent Laryngeal; sensory & motor branch from vagus
100
Q

Nerves of larynx; from Vagus CN10

explain the internal laryngeal nerve

A

Sensory
* Branch off superior laryngeal from vagus CN10
* peirces

101
Q

Nerves of larynx; from Vagus CN10

Explain the external laryngeal nerve

A

motor
* Branch off superior laryngeal from vagus CN10
* Stays outside

102
Q

Nerves of larynx; from Vagus CN10

Explain the reccurent laryngeal

A

sensory & motor
* Branch from Vagus CN10 that goes down and comes up
* Sensory to laryngeal cavity
* Motor to intrinsic muscle of the larynx expcept cricothyroid

103
Q

Where does the sensory of the reccurent laryngeal nerve go?

A

Sensory to laryngeal cavity

104
Q

Where does the motor of the reccurent laryngeal nerve go?

A

Motor goes to all intrinsic muscle of the tongue except cricothyroid

ANT 1001 Lecture (16 decks)

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