Abdomen Flashcards
What is the superior border of the abdomen?
Inferior thoracic aperature with costal margin; diaphram above abdomen
What is the lateral borders of the abdomen?
Abdominal wall
What is the lateral inferior boarder of the abdomen?
Illiac crest
What is the anterior inferior boarder of the abdomen?
Inguinal ligament
What is the inferior boarder of the abdomen?
Pelvic inlet
Within abdominal cavity; potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Contains peritoneal fluid
Closed except for uterine tubes
Perotineal cavity
Intra= insdide, retro= behind
3 main functions of the abdominal cavity?
- House + protect viscera
- Breathing
- Change intrabdominal pressure
Explain inspiritation in abdomen?
- Diaphram contracts; pulls down
- Relaxation of abdominal msucles
Explain expiration in the abdomen
- Diaphram relaxes, goes up
- Contraction of abdominal muscles
Explain what changes in abdominal pressure
- Increase in abdominal pressure= open orfices and EXPELL.
Poop, sneeze, pee, cough
Exmplain bony attachmnet/landmarks of abdomen
- Lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 (posterior
- Pelvic bones (inferior)
- Inferior throacic inlet (superior)
Explain 3 muscles lateral to vertebrae (posterior wall)
- Quadratus lumborum
- Psoas Major
- Illiacus
next to vertebrae
Explain 3 **lateral wall **muscles of the abdomen
- Transvers abdominus
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
Explain 1 muscle that makes the anterior wall of the abdomen
Rectus Abdominus
WHat region sits above the abdominal wall?
Thorax
What region sits below the abdominal cavity?
Pelvic cavity. Houses reproductive organs, urinary system, end of digestive tract.
The abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Vessels that pass through the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity go where?
Lower limbs
Celiac artery supplys blod where?
What vertebrae?
Forgut (top part of esophagus) , L1
Stomach, liver, pancrease blood supply comes from? What gut?
Foregut, Celiac artery L1
The superior mesentaric artery supplys blood where?
What vertebrae?
Midgut (middle part of esophagus); L1
- 2nd half of dueodeum
- jejunum, illeum
- cecum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon
*
Blood supply comes from where? What gut?
Midgut, Superior mesentaric artery, L1
The inferior mesentaric artery supplys blood where?
What vertebrae?
Hindgut (bottom of esophagus), L3
Rest of large intestine (after transverse), etc..
gets blood supply from where? WHat gut?
Hindgut; Inferior mesentraric artery L3
What dermatome?
T6?
ant. wall innervation
Xiphoid Prcocess
What dermatome?
T10
ant. wall innervation
Umbilicus
What dermatome?
L1
ant. wall innervation
Suprapibic (slightl above pubic bone)
What dermantome?
T5-T12
Control musculature of abdominal wall
What dermantome?
T5-T6
Upper external oblique musles
What dermantome?
T7-L1
Abdominal wall muscles
Drainage of the GI tract and the Liver occurs via what system?
Hepatic Portal System
Drop of nutrients in the liver
The joining of the:
* Splenic vein
* Superior messentaric vein (collect from mid gut)
* Inferior messentaric vein( collect from hindgut)
Hepatic Portal Vein
Explain the hepatic portal system
- Blood from the hindgut (inferior mesentaric vein), joins into the Splenic Vein which then joins with the blood from the Midgut (Superior mesentary vein), to become the **portal vein **
- The Portal vein then **enters the liver **where nutrients are filtered in and out
- Blood leaves the liver via the** hepatic vein and then drains into the inferior vena cava **
- Blood is returned to the right atrium via the inferior vena cava.
4 Quadrants
What is the upper right quadrant contain?
- Liver
- Right part of diaphram
- Right costal margins
- Gallbladder
4 quadrant
What is the upper left quadrant contain?
- Spleen
- Stomach
4 Quadrants
What is in the lower left quadrant?
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
4 quadrant view
What is in the Right lower quadrant
- Mcburnyes point
- Anterior supero illiac spine
- Appendix
- Inguinal ligament
- Pubic tubercle
What are the 9 quadrants?
- Right hypochondrium
- Epigastric Region
- Left Hypochondrium
- Right flank
- Umbilical region
- Left Flank
- Right groin
- Pubic region
- Left groin
What region recieves reffered pain from foregut ?
Epigastric region
Liver, etc.
What region recieves reffered pain from midgut ?
Umbilical region
Small intentsine, some large
Reffered pain from hindgut (L3)
Pubic Region
Posteior large intestine
What muscle?
Compress abdominal contents
Both muscles- flex trunk
Each site- bend trunk and turn anterior part to opposite side
External Oblique
What muscles?
Compression of abdominal contents
Both muscles-** flex trunk **
Each site- bend trunk and turn anterior part to same side
Internal Oblique
What Muscles?
Compress abdominal contents. Horizontal. Contracts= pull content in.
Deepest
Transversus Abdominis
Compress abdominal contents
Flex vertebral column
Tense abdominal wall.
Deep core but also deep.
attach from xyphoid process to pubic synthesis
Rectus Abdominus
Ligament that divides the the rectus abdominus left and right
Linia Alba
aponeurotic tendinous sheath formed by a unique layering of the aponeurosis of the
* external obliques
* Internal obliques
* Transversus abdominis muscles.
What muscle sits amongst the tendons?
Rectus Sheath
Rectus abdominus
4 Functions of the anterior abdominal muscles
- Curvature of waist (in & ex oblique)
- Rotation (synergistic, rotate left contract right)
-
Flexion (Powerful lever action)
4.** Lumbar curvature** (Good posture, forward tilt of of pelvis by rectus abdomis)
What has pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons as well GVE and GVA.
T1-L2 & splanchic nerves
Sympathetic branches
double layer of peritoneum that results when organ invaginates: nerves and vessels run between layers
Messentary
double layered fold of peritoneum
Omentum
Lesser and greater
Connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
Lesser Omentum
Suspended from greater curvature
“Abdomeinal Policemen”
Wraps around infected area and prevents spread of infection.
Lots of vessles.
Fan like fold of peritoneum
Suspends jejunum and ileum
Mesentery proper
Describe path and loction of the epsophagus from thorac to abdomen
Runs posterior to trachea in the thorax, then passes through the esophageal hiatus (made by right crus) anterior to the aorta. in the diaphram and attaches into the stomach
The left and right vagus nerves run latterally down the esophagus, forming a plexus on the surface of the esiophagus in the thorax, and then come back together at the the esophagyeal hiatus forming the what?
Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks
Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks supply what?
Abdominal viscera
Transition point in the stomach to the duodenum. Functions as a valve.
Names of the curves?
Pylorus
Greater and lesser curvature.
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine in order of path
- duodenum (c shaped, short)
- Ileum
- Jejunum
Transtion point from the illeum to the cecum (large intestine)
Ileoceccal junction
Describe the path of large instine
- Enter from illium via the illeocecal junction
- Into the cecum
- Up the ascending colon
- Take turn at the right colic fisure
- go accrows tansverese colon
- Take a turn at the left collic fissure
- GO down the descending colo
- Into the sigmoid colon
- The rectum
- out anatal canal
What is in the right hypochondriac region?
- Right Liver
- Right kidkey
- Gallbladder
- Large/small intestine (upper right)
What is in epigastric region?
- Center liver
- Stomach majority
- Duodenum
- Adrenal glands
- pancrease
What is in left hypochondriac region?
- Spleen
- Colon
- Left Kidney
- Pancrease
What is in the right lumbar region
- Ascending colon
- Small intestine
- Right kidneys
What is inthe umbilical region?
- Dueodeum
- Small intestine
- Transverse Colon
What is in the left lumbar region?
- Descending colon
- Small intestine
- Left kidney
What is in the right illiac region?
- Appendix
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Small intestine
What is in the hypogastric rregion?
- Bladder
- Sigmoid colon
- Illeum
- Reproductive organs
What is in the left illac region?
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Illeum
Organ in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region
Liver
Organ behind the liver that empties bile (via bile duct) into the descending part of the duodenum.
Gallbladder
organ located behind the stomach/duodenum
Pancrease
Bile & pancreatic enzymes emptys into the dueodenum from galbladder via what 2 things?
- Major dueodenal papilla
- Mino dueodenal papilla
What 2 ducts connect to dump into the duodenum?
Bile duct from gallbladder and Major pancreatic duct.
Postioninh
WHere are the right kidneys
very posteiror
Where do the IVC and the aorta run in relation tot he stomach, pancreae and kdinesy?
Very posterior, in betweeen R & L kidneys. Behinds Pancrease stomach and down
Describe portioning of superior mesenstaric vein and artery
Both come off IVC and Aorta recpectively, running behind the neck of the pancrease & stomach and over anteiror to the duodenum
Describe postitioning of the spleen
Upper left quadrant; left hypochondriac region, posterior laterl.
Once it reaches the pelvic, the abdominal aorta does what?
What vertebral level?
L4! Splits into R & L common illiac arteries.
Both common illiac arterys do what?
Split into the inernal and external illiac arterues.
lookk!
What vein goes into the splenic vein?
Inferior messentaric vein
What are 3 main organs of the posterior abdonminal wall?
- Right kidney
- LEft kidney
- Ureter
What msucles
Depress and stabilize rib 12
Some lateral bending of trunk (unilateral movment)
Btwn ribs & crest of illum
Quadratus lumborum
Posterior wall
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Pass outside of abdonmial cavity and down to the femur.
Psoas Muscles
Flexion of thigh at hip joing
Sits on illume, attahes to femure.
Illiacus muscles
Vena caval foramen details?
- IVC and right phrenic nerve go throuh
- T8
Esophageal hiatus
details
Esophagus and R?L Vagal trunks, esophageal artery from left gastric a.
T10
Aorti Hiatus details
- Aorta, throacic duct, and azygous vein go through
- T12
What forms esophageal hiatus?
Right crus
The lateral accurate ligament goes over what msucles?
Quadratus lumbordum
The medial accurate ligamnet goes over what muscle?
Psoas
What makes the aortic hiatus?
Median accurate ligament
The sympathetic chain goes where?
Tightly assocated with vetebrae, come throuh medial ligament of diaphram
Kidneys are where and what?
Paired, posterior wall behind abdominal viscera . Have suprarenal glands
Where all the structures come in an out of the kidney
Hilum
The renal artery for both kidnesy comes off of what vessel?
The aorta
The renal vein of both kidneys go where?
Back Into the inferior vena cava
Part of kidney where urin is comin from collection.
Renal Pelvis
Comes off renal pelvis and travels down to deliver urine to the bladder.
Uretuer
Explain the ureters
Come down out of kdineys, transveres over bifrucation of common ilac artery and enter urinary bladder. Leads out of body for urination
Glands that sit on top of both kidneys, recieve lots of blood, well innverated, highly vascularized.
Suprarenal glands
What are the 6 main branches of the abdominal aorta?
- Celiac trunk (L1, foregut)
- Superior mesenteric (L1, mid gut)
- Inferior mesenteric (L3, hind gut)
- Renal Arteries R&L
- Common illiac
- External iliac
- Internal illiac
