Anatomy-Back Flashcards
Cervical Vertebrae
C1-C7
Thoracic Vertebrae
T1-T12
Lumbar Vertebrae
L1-L5
Sacral Vertebrae
S1-S5 fused
Coccygeal Vertebrae
Cg-Cg4 fused
Flexion
Leaning forward
Extensions
Bending Back
Lateral Flexion
Side ways movement
Rotation
Circumferential momvment
Primary Curvature
Curves of the Column in the embryo. C shape anterior curve
Secondary Curvature
Curves of the spinal column, concave posterior. Like an S.
What the 3 things that come from the secondary curvature?
-Distribute weight better
-Good center of gravity
-Maintain body upright, bi-pedel
Smaller, thinner, oval, Widder are features of the:
Vertebral bodies
Holes through both spinous process on the typical cervical vertebrae
Transverse Formamin
Part of cervical vertebrae on the posterior that branches out from the lamina on either side
Bifoid Spinous Process
Large, canal, hole, that accomodates the cervical enlargement
Vertebral foramen
Holds up the head.
Atlas (C1)
Anterior arch of the C1 is
Thinner
Posterior of the C1 is ______
Thicker
On either side of the anterior arch of the C1 Atlas, were the occipital bone sites.
Lateral mass
the synovial articulation between the occipital bone and the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
Atlanto- occipital Joint
Vertebrae that provides for the primary rotation of the head
Axis C2
Thoracic vertebrae has a _____ body
Thicker
Contact spots on thoracic vertebrae that allow for articulation with ribs.
Coastal Facets
Much smaller on thoracic vertebrae, narrower, rounded.
Round Vertebral Foramen
On thoracic vertebrae, prominent, projects posterior/inferior.
Long spinous process
Cushions between vertebral each vertebral body in the spine. Absorb shock.
Intervertebral discs
How many layers do the symphyses between vertebral bodies have?
2 layers
1 of the layers of the symphyses, outer= thick collagen layer, inner= fibro-connective tissue layer
Anulus Fibrous
inner most layer of the symphyses, gelatinous, filled with fluid.
Nucleus Pulposus
Too much pressure on a intervertebral disc results in ?
Nuclear propulsion
Hole lateral between each stacked spinal vertebrae, superior & inferior vertebral notch creates it. Allows for exit of spinal nerves.
Intervertebral foramen
Large, 3 parts. Overall works to rotate the scapular
Trapezius
Superior contraction of the trapezius=
Lift scapula
Midline contraction of the trapezius=
Adduct Scapula (toward midline)
Lower contraction of the scapular
Depress scapula
What nerve innervates the trapezius?
Spinal accessory nerve (C2-C4)
Flat large, attaches to humerus
Lattissimus Dorsi
Action of the latissimus dorsi?
Extensor + medially rotates humerus, adduct humerus to body.
Elevates scapula
Levator Scapulae
Contraction of both muscles adducts (brings in) scapula + elevates it.
Rhomboid Major & mine
What vertebrae is at protruding spinous process?
C7
What vertebrae is at tip of the iliac crest? (top of hip)
L4
Root spine of scapula matches up with what vertebrae
T7
What dermatomes range to the trapezius?
C3-T12
What dermatomes range to the lattissimus dorsi?
T11-S2?
What dermatomes range to the Rhomboid Major & minor?
C4-T7
What three dermatomes aren’t on the posterior view because they have innervate forward to brachial plexus?
C1,C5,TI
Attaches to occipital bone & back of spinous process of T3
Splenius Capitis
Attaches from transverse process of the cercival vertebrae and spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
Splenius cervicis
Bilaterally the splenius capitis and cervisis have what action?
Flex the head
Unilateral Action of splenius capitis?
Contract right to rotate head right
Unilateral Action of splenius cervicis?
Contract to extend the head back
Outermost muscle of the deep, extends out and attaches to ribs
Illiocostalis
Middle, from transverse process to transverse process
Longissimus
Muscle next to spinal column, spinous process to to spinous process.
Spinalis
What is the bilateral action of the Erector spinale muscles?
Back extension, support upright position
Unilateral action of the Erector spinae muscles?
Side bending
Muscles of both runs down to the transverse process.
Transversospinals muscles
Muscle in the cervical region, beneath splenius capitis, attaches to occipital bone.
Semispinalis Capitis
Bilateral action of the semispinalis capitis
Movement of head backwards
unilateral action of the semispinalis capitis
Flex to the left move head to the right
In cervical region, attach to the cervical vertebrae.
Semispinalis Cervicis
Bilateral action of the semispinalis crevisis
movement of neck back
unilateral action of the semispinalis cervicis
flex to the left move neck to the right
-rectus capitis posterior major
-rectus capitis posterior minor
-oblique capitis superior
-oblique capitis inferior
are the 4 what?
4 muscles in the sub occipital triangles
muscle that attaches to the occipital bone, in the subox triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major
Attachment of the Rectus capitis posterior major:
Occipital bone & spinous process of C2 AXIS
Action of the Rectus capitis posterior major:
Extend the head back (bilateral), rotate head to the side (unilateral)
muscle that attaches to the posteior arch of the atlas C1 in the subox triangle
Rectus Capitis posterior minor
Action of the Rectus capitis posterior minor:
Extend head back (bilateral), tiny rotation (unilaterally)
muscle that attaches to the occipital bone ti the transverse process of Atlas C1
Oblique capitis superior
Action of the oblique capitis superior
Side bending of head
muscle that attaches to the C1 to spinous process of C2
Oblique capitis inferior
Action of the oblique capitis inferior
rotation of head
artery that runs through the sub occipital triangles
Vertebral artery
Innervates all 4 muscles of the subboccipital triangle
Posterior ramus of C1
Pops out of rectus capitis posterior major
Posterior ramus of C2
