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ANT 1001 Lecture > Neck II Lecture > Flashcards

Neck II Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the posterior triangle?

A

Trianngel formed between the sternocleidomastoid muscle, clavical, and trapezius muscle.

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2
Q

What are the two triangles withing the posterior triangle?

A
  • Occipital triangle (sup)
  • Omnoclvicular triangle
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3
Q

What are the two posterior triangles divided by?

A

They are divided by the omohyloid muslces (inferior bell)

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4
Q

What is the occipital triangle surrounded by?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid (medially)
  • Trapezius (laterally)
  • Inferior bellly of the omhyoid.
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5
Q

What is the subclavian omnoclavicular triangle surrounded by?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid (medially)
  • Clavicle inferiorly
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
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6
Q

What are the nerves in the posterior triangle ?

A
  • Acessory N. (CN11)
  • Cutaneuous branches of Cervical Plexus
  • Brachial Plexus.
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7
Q

Explain the path of the acessory nerve (CN 11) in the posterior triangle.
What does it innervate?

A
  • Passes out from the skull
  • Goes uner the sternocleidomastoid m. 2/3 way the
  • Heads toward the **trapezius **
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8
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Sensory!

A
  1. Lesser occispital n
  2. Great Auricular n
  3. Transverse Cervical n
  4. Supraclavicular n

Superficial Sensory!

Alll come out of one point an then spread out

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9
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

nerves goes back up to the head

A

lesser occipital n.

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10
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Nerve goes behind the ear

A

Great Auricular n.

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11
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Nerve comes across the neck and toward the anterior part of neck

A

Transverse Cervical n.

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12
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Comes out with many branches above the clavical and back shoulder.

A

Supraclavicular N.

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13
Q

What cervical nerves contribute ot the cervical plexus?

A

C1,C2,C3,C4

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14
Q

** Explain which cervical nerve each come off of:**
Lesser occipital n.
Great auricular n.
Transverse cervical n.
Supraclavicular n.

A
  • Lesser occipital n. = C2
  • Great auricular n.= C2/C3
  • Transverse cervical n.= C2/C3
  • Supraclavicular n.= C3/C4
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15
Q

What prominant nerve comes off the cervical plexus?

A

Phrenic Nerves
C3,C4, C5

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16
Q

Loops that comes off C1, C2 contributes, and C3.
In the cervical Plexus.

A

Ansa Cervicalis

Superior and Inferor root

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17
Q

Post. Triangle

Explan the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Has a clavicular head and a sternal head
  • Innervated by Acessory nerve CN 11 & anterior rami of C2-C3

Function:
Unilaterally: tilt head to shoulder (same side) turn face (opposite)
Bilaterally: draw head forward

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18
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Omohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Laterally on superior boarder of the scapula
  • Superiorly attached on the inferior boarder of the hyoid bone
  • Has a mid way tendenous structure forming inferior & superior belly

Innervated: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

Function:
Contract-> depress hyoid bone

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19
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Anterior Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C3-6
  • Rib 1 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C4-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 1

Floor of triangle.(more posterior)

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20
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Middle Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C2-C7
  • Rib 1 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C3-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 1

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21
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Posterior Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C4-C6
  • Rib 2 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C5-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 2

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22
Q

Explain the relationship of the subclavian artery and scalene muscles

A

The subclavian artery passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles on rib 1.

The anterior and middle scalene muscles can therefore act as a consrictor point of the subclavian artery if they have too much tension. Pinch it off!

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23
Q

What are the 4 triangular divisions of the Anterior triangle?

A
  1. Submental : below chin
  2. Submandibular : Jaw
  3. Muscular : ant. portion of neck
  4. Carotid: posterior lateral
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24
Q

Ant. Triangle

Explpaint the boundry, floor, and contens of the submental triangle

A

Boundaries:
Anterior belly of digastric
Hyoid bone (inferiory)

Floor:
Mylohyoid muscle

Contents:
Submental nodes
Beginning of anterior jugular vein

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25
Q

Submental Triangle

AExplain the Anterior belly Digastric muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the mandible
  • Inferiorly attaches to the hyoid bone via a tendon

Innervated: Mylohyoid n. (from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 from CN5.

Function:
* Fix hyoid bone, open mandible
* Raise hyoid bone, close mandible

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26
Q

Explain the Mylohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A

Behind Digastric
* Attaches to the mandible at the mylohyoid line
* Attaches to at the hyoid bone and muscle fibers opposite (posterior) to the hyoid.

Innervated: Mylohyoid n. (from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 from CN5 trigeminal nerve)

Function:
* Support and elevation of the oral cavity
*Contact, elevate hyoid and elevate floor of oral cavity

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27
Q

Explain the Geniohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?
not part of submental triangle

A

Behind Mylohyoid m.
* Attaches to the inferior mental spine of the mandible
* Attaches to at the hyoid bone (ant surface) .

Innervated: Branch from anterior ramus of C1 (Carried along Hypoglossal n. CN12)

Function:
* Fix mandible, hyoid bone forwards
* Fix hyoid, pulls mandible downward and inwards

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28
Q

Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the Submandibular triangle

A

Boundaries:
Mandible
Posterior & anterior digastric m

Floor:
Mylohyoid m.
Hyoglossus m.
Superior Constrictors of the pharynx

Contents:
Submandibular salivary glands
Submandibular nodes
Facial artery and vein
Hypoglossus and Stylohyoid mm.
Carotid sheet (Internal carotid, Internal jugular, Vagus n.)

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29
Q

Explain the Digastric post. belly muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the mastoid process (next and below ext. auditory meatus)
  • Tendon attachment to hyoid (loop)

Innervated: Facial N (CN7)

Function:
* Pull hyoid upward and back

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30
Q

Explain the Stylohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the styloid process
  • Attached to hyoid bone laterally

Innervated: Facial N (CN7)

Function:
* Pulls hyoid bone upward in a posterosuperior direction

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31
Q

Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the Muscular Triangle

A

Boundaries:
Omohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
midline of neck

Floor:
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid mm.

Contents:
Thyroid gland
Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus

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32
Q

Explain the Sternohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the manubrium + sternoclavicular joint
  • Attaches to hyoid bone (inferior border)

Innervated: Ansa Cervicalis; Anterior Rami C1-C3

Function:
* Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing when it contracts.

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33
Q

Explain the Sternothyroid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the manubrium (post surface )
  • Attached to thyroid cartilage (superiorly)

Innervated: Ansa Cerivcals (ant. Rami C1-C3)

Function:
* Draw Larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

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34
Q

What the two muscles that sit directly beneath the sternohyoid muscle and omohyloid in the neck?

A
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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35
Q

Explain the Thyrohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the thyroid cartilage (inferiorly, larynx.)
  • Attaches to greater horn of the hyoid bone

Innervated: Anterior ramus C1 (along Hypoglossal CN 12)

Function:
* Depress hyoid bone, if larynx is fixed
* Raise larynx when hyoid bone is fixed

36
Q

What are the two parts of the Hyoid bone?

A
  • Greater horn (sides)
  • lesser horn (little poke ups)
37
Q

Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the Carotid Triangle

A

Boundaries:
* Posterior digastirc m
* Sternocleidomastoid m
* Superior belly of omohyoid

Floor:
* Portion of thyrohyoid m
* Hypoglossus m
* Middle constrictor & inferior m

Contents:
* Carotid sheath:
Internal carotid a.,
Internal jugular v.,
* Vagus n.,
* external carotid branches,
* deep cervical nodes

38
Q

Explain the carotid Sinus

A
  • At bifurcation of common carotid artery (C3/C4)
  • It is the widening of the internal carotid artery
  • Tunica intima (inner wall) gets thinner, tunic adventitia (outer layer) thicker.
  • Tunica Adventita contain nerve endings from CN 9

functions as a baroreceptor; determining blood pressure for the rest of the body

39
Q

What functions as a baroreceptor for the body?

A

Carotid Sinus

40
Q

Explain the Carotid Body

A
  • At bifurcation of common carotid artery (C3/C4)
  • Vascular organ; redish brown mass o cells
  • Arterial chemoreceptor innervated by CN 9/ CN10.
  • Checks CO2 and O2 levels in blood.
41
Q

What functions as an aterial chemoreceptor that Checks CO2 and O2 levels in blood?

A

Carotid Body

42
Q

What is innervation of the carotid body?

A

-CN9 & CN10
-Pre-ganglionic sympathetic.
post-ganglionic is in the carotid body

43
Q

Artery that branches off carotid and goes straight up to the head?

A

Internal carotid artery

44
Q

What are the 8 arteries that come of the external carotid artery?

A

Supply a lot of blood
TOP
1. Maxillary a.
2. Superficial temporal a.
3. Posterior auricular a.
4. Occipital a.
5. Facial a
6. Lingual a.
7. Ascending pharyngeal a.
8. Superior thyroid a.
BOTTOM

45
Q

Artery that that comes off carotid, goes down to supply thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery

46
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery, posteriorly at same spot as superior thyroid artery and then goes to supply the pharynx (tiny artery)

A

Ascending phalangeal artery

47
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery anteriorly, moving forward into the geoglossal muscles and supply the oral cavity ?

A

Lingual Artery

48
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery superior to the lingual artery, goingunder the mandible, doing a loop and come over lateral edge of the mandible and supply * the lips, alongside nose, and underneath eye.*

A

Facial Artery

49
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery posteriorly passing posteriorly by mastoid and supplying the back of the head.

A

Occipital artery

50
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery superior to the occipital artery, behind the external auditory meatus. Head/scalp behind ear.

A

Posterior auricular artery

51
Q

What are the 2 artery’s that come off the external common carotid that are terminal branches?

A
  1. Superficial temporal artery
  2. Maxillary artery
52
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery up on the side of the head. (angry artery), terminal branch ?

A

Superficial temporal artery

53
Q

Artery that comes off external carotid artery across deep in the face. Terminal branch.

A

Maxillary artery

54
Q

What is Cranial Nerve 9?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

55
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN9; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?

A

Leaves vias
jugular foramen

Innervates:
Stylopharyngeus m. (pierces)
Carotid sinus
Pharynx (sensory)

56
Q

What is Cranial Nerve 10?

A

Vagus Nerve CN10

57
Q

Vagus CN10; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?

A

Leaves vias
jugular foramen

Innervates:
* Motor branches to the pharynx
* Carotid body branch
* Superior laryngeal n.
External laryngeal n.
Internal laryngeal n.
* Cardiac branch (parasympathetic innervation of the heart)

58
Q

What is located in the jugular foramen that is the vagus nerve?

A

Inferior ganglion

59
Q

Explain the superior laryngeal N branches

A

Internal branch= pierces the internal structures of the larynx and innervates
External branch= stay outside

60
Q

Where does the cardiac branch of the the vagus n do?

A

Goes down into the thorax and provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart.

61
Q

What is Cranial Nerve 11?

A

Acessory Nerve CN11

61
Q

Acessory Nerve CN11; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?

A

Leaves Via:
* Jugular foramen
Innervates:
* Sternocleidomastoid
* Trapezius

62
Q

What is Cranial Nerve 12?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve CN12

63
Q

Hypogolaasal CN12; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?

A

Leaves Via:
* Hypoglossal Canal , passes inferior and anteriorly.
Innervates:
* All intrinsic muscle of the tongue
* All extrinsic BUT 1 muscle of the tongue.

64
Q

Found in the visceral compartment, sits on the trachea, has 2 lobes.

A

Thyroid Gland

65
Q

Where does the thyroid gland sit in relationshio to the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery, and trachea.

A
  • Sits anterior to the trachea
  • Common carotid arterys sits more posterior and medial to it
  • Internal jugular veins sits more anterior and lateral to the thryroid gland

**great blood supply*

66
Q

What are the two main blood supplys of the thyroid?

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery (from external carotid artery)
  2. Inferior thyroid artery (from R/L subclavian)
67
Q

What are the 3 main venous drainage of the thryoid?

A
  1. Superior thyroud vein (goes to internal jugular)
  2. Middle thyorid vein (goes to internal jugular)
  3. Inferior thyroid vein (into right brachiocephalic vein/ left subclavian vein)
68
Q

What is posterior to the thyroid? Dots embededed into the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid glands

69
Q

What nerve runs down laterally next to the int/ex caroitid arterts and then down next to the common carotides before branching?

A

Vagus Nerve CN10

70
Q

The Right and Left reccurent largengeal nerves pass where?

A

Both medial to the thyroid gland and up to the larynx.

inferior thyroid artery runs closely by

71
Q

Tube to the stomach. Posterior. Transition from pharynx.

A
72
Q

What are the 2 bain branches of the subclavian artery that supply blood to the neck?

A
  1. verterbal artery (R/L)
  2. Thyrocervical Trunk
73
Q

Where do the vertebral arterys travel through when going up the neck into the skull?

A

Passes through the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae.

74
Q

What two arterys come off the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  1. Inferior thyroid artery
  2. Transverse Cervical artery (supplys anterior neck)
75
Q

Where do sympathetics originate?

A

The lateral horn of the T1-L2

No white rami in the Cervical vertebrae.

76
Q

The sympathetic trunk travels where?

A

Up through the neck, tightly associated with the vertebrae.

77
Q

WHat are the 3 ganglia in the neck?

A
  1. Superior cervical ganglion
  2. Middle cervical ganglion
  3. Inferior cervical ganglion
78
Q

Ganglion located at the bifrucation of the common carotid artery CV3/CV4

A

Superior cervical ganglion

79
Q

What contributes to the superior cervical ganglion?

A
  • **C1-C4 **(Grey rami communicans)
80
Q

When neron exits the grey rami communicans it is __ ganglionic.

A

Pre-ganglionic!
It will synapse in the Superior Cervical Ganglion

81
Q

What Superior cervical ganglion signals go to?

A
  • Carotid Plexus
  • Carotid sinus & body
  • Superior cardiac nerve
  • Spinal nerves C1-C4
  • Pharynx
82
Q

All 3 ganglion in the neck have corresponding what?

A

Cardiac nerves!
Superior, middle inerior

All run down and innervate the heart.

83
Q

Signals that entere the internal carotid plexus go where?

A

Sympathetics of the skull!

84
Q

Middle cervical ganglia

A
  • Spinal nerves C5 to C6
  • Heart (Middle cardiac nerves)
85
Q

Inferior cervical ganglia

A
  • Spinal nerves C7 to T1
  • Vertebral artery
  • Heart (Inferior cardiac nerves)

ANT 1001 Lecture (16 decks)

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