Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What makes up the nasal airway?
- Nasal Cavity
- Nasopharynx
The nasal air way is large, the nose only makes up ____ of total volume.
30%
Explain the 3 major thing that the nose and the nasal airway does?
- Nose is portal of the airway (carborator)
- Warms & humidifies air
- Filters air
How much does the nose warm and humidify the air?
- Warms to 90 degrees
- Humifies air to 80%
What does the paranasal sinuses relaease into the air being inhaled?
- Release NO from sinuses gas into inspired air.
- NO is a vasodialator that enhanced O2 uptake by blood
How is mouth breating bad?
Inspired air is not able to be warmed or humidified* *and this results in 10% less Oxygen extraction **from air once it reaches the lungs.””
- Also no maintainence of homeostatic balance
Mouth breathing leads to snoring is caused by what? Severe cases of this results in?
Snoring-> upper air way resistance= sleep apnea.
What is dark red
Nasal Inferior Turbinates
What is blue
Nasal Valve
area not structure
What is at the midline of the nose?
Columbella
Soft tissue beginning of the of the nasal cavity
Columbella
What are the two rims on the outside of the nose?
Alar rim
External nasal Valves
What is the light pink?
Nasal septum
Explain caudal maneuver
Putting fingers on either sid of the nose and breathing. Nasal dialation
What turbinate can you see when doing the caudal maneuver?
Putting fingers at corners of nose and breath to see.
Inferior turbinate
What is the concha?
Cartilagionous portion below the turbinate, it forms it.
Anteriorly and posteriorly walls of the nose
Choane
What functions as the demarcation betweent he nasal cavity and nasopharynx?
Posterior Choane
What 2 things demarcate the nasal valve?
- Inferior turbinate laterally
- septum medially
What do you analyze when looking at nasal breathing? open and closed
Nasal Valve
How many turbinantes in nasal cavity?
concha
Three
1. SUperior
2. Middle
3. Inferior turbinates
concha
What is found directly posterior to the posterior choane?
Pterygoid Plexus 4
What kind of cells line ther turbinates?
Cilliated collumnar epithelium; help filter air!
What is the size of the inferior turbinate?
Longest & largest, size of indec finger
middle then superior smallest
Explain Allergic Shiners
Pathneumoic of someone that doesnt breath well through the nose. Swelling can be noted externally
What does the inferior turbinate do?
- directs air flow
- Filters air
- warms
- humidifies
Largest
What does the middle turbinate do?
- Protects the opening of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses
- Fx as buffer to protect sinuses from pressurized air flow
What does the superior turbinate do?
Protect olfactory bulbs.
Compare these nasal turbinates
Picture on the right has normal, picture on the right has inflamed turbinates obstructing air flow.
Openings within the nasal area that allows the sinuses to drian into that area. Tucked under turbinates
Middle Nasal Meatus
What bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone
What bone seperates the nasal cavity of the septum
Vomer
What does a narrow dental arch and high paletal vault result in?
A deviated septum due to upward compression on the vomer.
Where is the sphenoid in relation to the nasal cavity
Form the layeral walls of the nasal cavity
Explain the ethmoid bone
- Thin fragile bone forming roof of nasal cavity
- Contains ethmoid sinuses
- Runs up and unite with the base of the skull
What 3 pairs of bone form the roof (boney part) of the nose?
- Frontal (nasal process)
- Maxilla (frontal process & palatine pocess)
- Nasal Bone
What 3 cartilage forms the dorsum and apex of the nose?
- **Lateral **nasal (sides)
- Septal(Internal, by septum)
- Alar (Lateral crus (ext.) and medial crus (internal) )
What are the 2 types of nerve innervation of the nose?
- Olfaction (olfactory nerve CN1)
- Sensation (Opthalmic CN5V1 and Maxillary CN5V2)
What 3 branches of nasal innervatio does the opthalmic CN5V1 give rise to?
- Lacrimal
- Frontal
- Nasocilliary
where does the opthalmic nerve exit throguh?
Superior orbital fissure
Branches of ophalmic CN5V1
Whay branch 2 branches does the nasocilliary branch give off and where do they Innervate?
1. Infratrochlear= superior aspect of external nose
2. External nasal nerve= sensation to nasal tip, medial aspect of alar rim, dorsum of nose
Branches of Maxillary CN5V2
What are 4 branches off CN5V2 that come off to innevate bilaterally to dorsum and alar rim area of nose?
- Infraorbital N. (below eye side of nose)
- Posterior Superior Alveolar (teeth)
- Zygomatic (side of eyes and temple)
- Sphenopaletine Ganglion (coalesence of variety of nerve, pass through and split)
What is the spehnopalatine gaglion?
Come off the maxillary nerve, located in the pterygopaletine fossa. Anesthetation of this reduces facial sensation pain.
What nerves provides motor innervation of the muscle of the nose?
Facial CN7
Muscles of Nasal Group
What are the 3 muscles of the Nasal group
- Nasalis
- Procerus
- Depressor septi Nasalis
All work in concert with facial muscle wriggle nosem, open nostrils, etc
Muscles of Nasal Group
Explain the Nasalis muscle (parts & function)
Flare the nares; nostrils
* Transverse Part; compress the nares
* Alar Part; open nares
Muscles of Nasal Group
Explain the Procerus muscle (parts & function)
- Btwn brows
- Draws medial boarder of eyebrown downward
Muscles of Nasal Group
Explain the Depressor septi nasi muscle (parts & function)
- Attch to upper septum of nose & top of lip
- Assit in widening nares
- Pull nose inferiorly
Opening of nose=
Area inside naris before the turbinates=
- Naris= nostrils
- Nasal Vestibule= area
What are the 3 major vascular supply of the nose and where do they stem from?
- Opthalmic A; ICA
- Maxillary A; ECA
- Facial A; ECA
What are the 4 branches off the Opthalmic artery. Where do each supply?
- Supraorbital; supply medial over eye
- Supratrochlear; supply lateral over eye
- Dorsal Nasal; supply lateral top part of nose
- External Nasal branch; supply side of nose lower
What is the 1 branch off the maxillary artery that supplies the nose?
infraorbital Artery
What are the 4 branches off the Facial Artery. Where do each supply?
- Lateral nasal supply lateral and tip of lower nose
- Columellar; supply alar rim
- Angular supply base around nose
- Superior Labial; supply lower tip of nose and upper lip
What is located below the where the internal carotid artery enters the skull? Directly behind nasal cavity
Sphenoidal sinus
Explain what 3 arterys supply blood to each turbinate
- Anterior ethtmoidal= superior
- Posterior ethmoidal= middle
- Sphenopaletine= inferior
The anastemosis of the arteries:
1. Anterior ethtmoidal
2. Posterior ethmoidal
3. Sphenopaletine
4. Superior labia;
5. greater palatine
results in formation of whay located in the anterior portion of nasal cavity?
Kiesselbach’s Plexus
orgin of nosebleeds
Venous Drainage of nasal cavotuty
- Anterior ethmoidal vein
- Posterior ethmoidal vein
Go into:
____ vein
which drain where?
Into Sphenopaletine vein which drains into Pterygoid plexus!
Where does the blood form the pterygoid plexus go?
Drains into the retromandibular vein which goes to the External Jugular vein
What vein drains directly into the ICJ?
Facial Vein
What veins connect pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus?
Emissary Veins
What is the purpose of nasal sinuses?
Hold air cells so skull doesnt have to weigh as much!
What are the 4 nasal sinuses?
- Frontal
- Ethmoidal
- Maxillary Sinus (biggest)
- Sphenoid Sinus
Where do nasal sinuses drain?
Drain into nasal cavity
Between the middle and superior turbinates
Small duct that runs from the medial portion of inferior orbit to the superior nasal cavity
Lacrimal Gland
How does dry eye work?
Lacrimal gland is draining all fluid out of via the nasolacrimal duct into the sinuses. They have sinus issses; congestion.
you can plug the lacrimal duct and stop dry eye
Where are adenoids located?
Nasopharynx
