Pharmarcology Overview Flashcards
What is the difference between amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
Amoxicillian/clavulanic acid has better activity against staphylococci
Why is Amox/clavulanic acid better against staph?
Clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamase produced by staph
Staph are important pathogens in which body system?
GI, renal, cardiac, skin, liver?
Skin
Cat culture from skin - staph Felis
All susceptibility is S
Is not methocillian resistant
Would you treat example cat from cefovecin?
Under one condition & one condition only
The cat won’t take oral meds or owner can’t administer
Chloramphenicol would be treatment of choice T/F
False
Can cause bone marrow suppression, reversible in cats
(Highly metabolized in liver, cats are low in those enzymes)
Causes aplastic anemia in humans (administer)
Enrofolxican would be the best choice for cats, does require high doses (>5 mg/kg) T/F
False
Can cause retinal toxicity (>5)
Florqinalon labeled for cats ?
Pregofloxicin
Most common, broad spectrum (new gen)
how do floroquinalones work?
Inhibit DNA gyrase
(Toboisomerase 4) comes in suspension for cats
Why are trimethoprim-sulfa drugs rarely used in cats?
Lack of patient compliance (slobber & lose most of drug)
Typically a safe drug for cats
Which of the following statements regarding potential Ed sulfonamide use in dogs is true?
- they cannot be used due to unacceptable risk of tox
- 3-5 days of dosing for UTI is safe & likely effective
- safe but difficult to use bc they cause slobber
- 3 formulations approved for dogs in US
- illegal to use them in lactating bitches
3-5 days of dosing for UTI is safe & likely effective
What breeds does sulfonamide safe use not apply to?
Dobermans
Rottweiler
Samoans
Mini schnauzer
Sulfonamide is illegal to use in which lactating species ?
Cattle
How many formulations of sulfonamide are there for horses?
3
Which drug is safe, effective and common use for staph? (If susceptible)
Beta-lactams
A horse presents with lower resp t infection
Transtracheal wash cytology reveal G+ cocci in chains
Most likely bacteria?
- step equi equi
- strep equi zoo
- enterococcus
- staph epi
- Rhodococcus equi
Strep equi zoo
Causes strangles
Rhodococcus equi causes infection in which age range?
Foals
Or immunosuppressed adults
Which of the following drugs are used in horses and has predictable susceptibility against strep?
- cefpodoxime proxetil
- cefazolin
- ceftiofur crystalline free acid
- cefovecin
- cefalexin
Ceftiofur crystalline free acid
Extended release formulation
why is cefovecin long acting?
Not formulated as long release
Really high affinity and binding for plasma proteins
Take livers a long time to eliminate
Most common adverse effect in “exceed” (ceftiofur crystalline free acid)
Site infection irritation
Which drugs are legal for use in cattle?
- metronidazole
- pradofloxacin
- oxytetracycline
- gentamicin
- chloramphenicol
Oxytetracycline
Macrolides antibiotics are most commonly used in which species ?
Cattle
Used in multiple species but main labeled use for cattle used for resp t infection (they like the lungs)
Which of the following drug is a macrolides?
- clindamycin
- gentamicin
- Lindomycin
- tilmicosin
- tobramycin
Tilmicosin
(Cardio toxic to people & other species)
What happens when you combine the macrolide anti clarithromycin with rifampin?
Synergism against Rhodococcus equi
Decreases bioavailability of clarithromycin
For drug to reach therapeutic conc in CNS which physiochemical properties must it possess?
Lipophilicity
Which drug is most lipophilic?
- ampicillin
- florfenicol
- amikacin
- enrofloxican
- doxycycline
Dog on chemo, how does that impact empiric antibiotic choice?
Bactericidal antibiotics would be preferred
Systemic anti microbials are most indicated for which disease states?
Hemorrhagic diarrhea with fever and inappetence
