Pharmarcology Overview

Question 1

What is the difference between amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

Answer 1

Amoxicillian/clavulanic acid has better activity against staphylococci

Question 2

Why is Amox/clavulanic acid better against staph?

Answer 2

Clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamase produced by staph

Question 3

Staph are important pathogens in which body system?
GI, renal, cardiac, skin, liver?

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

Cat culture from skin - staph Felis
All susceptibility is S

Answer 4

Is not methocillian resistant

Question 5

Would you treat example cat from cefovecin?

Answer 5

Under one condition & one condition only
The cat won’t take oral meds or owner can’t administer

Question 6

Chloramphenicol would be treatment of choice T/F

Answer 6

False
Can cause bone marrow suppression, reversible in cats
(Highly metabolized in liver, cats are low in those enzymes)
Causes aplastic anemia in humans (administer)

Question 7

Enrofolxican would be the best choice for cats, does require high doses (>5 mg/kg) T/F

Answer 7

False
Can cause retinal toxicity (>5)

Question 8

Florqinalon labeled for cats ?

Answer 8

Pregofloxicin
Most common, broad spectrum (new gen)

Question 9

how do floroquinalones work?

Answer 9

Inhibit DNA gyrase
(Toboisomerase 4) comes in suspension for cats

Question 10

Why are trimethoprim-sulfa drugs rarely used in cats?

Answer 10

Lack of patient compliance (slobber & lose most of drug)
Typically a safe drug for cats

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding potential Ed sulfonamide use in dogs is true?
- they cannot be used due to unacceptable risk of tox
- 3-5 days of dosing for UTI is safe & likely effective
- safe but difficult to use bc they cause slobber
- 3 formulations approved for dogs in US
- illegal to use them in lactating bitches

Answer 11

3-5 days of dosing for UTI is safe & likely effective

Question 12

What breeds does sulfonamide safe use not apply to?

Answer 12

Dobermans
Rottweiler
Samoans
Mini schnauzer

Question 13

Sulfonamide is illegal to use in which lactating species ?

Answer 13

Cattle

Question 14

How many formulations of sulfonamide are there for horses?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

Which drug is safe, effective and common use for staph? (If susceptible)

Answer 15

Beta-lactams

Question 16

A horse presents with lower resp t infection
Transtracheal wash cytology reveal G+ cocci in chains
Most likely bacteria?
- step equi equi
- strep equi zoo
- enterococcus
- staph epi
- Rhodococcus equi

Answer 16

Strep equi zoo
Causes strangles

Question 17

Rhodococcus equi causes infection in which age range?

Answer 17

Foals
Or immunosuppressed adults

Question 18

Which of the following drugs are used in horses and has predictable susceptibility against strep?
- cefpodoxime proxetil
- cefazolin
- ceftiofur crystalline free acid
- cefovecin
- cefalexin

Answer 18

Ceftiofur crystalline free acid
Extended release formulation

Question 19

why is cefovecin long acting?

Answer 19

Not formulated as long release
Really high affinity and binding for plasma proteins
Take livers a long time to eliminate

Question 20

Most common adverse effect in “exceed” (ceftiofur crystalline free acid)

Answer 20

Site infection irritation

Question 21

Which drugs are legal for use in cattle?
- metronidazole
- pradofloxacin
- oxytetracycline
- gentamicin
- chloramphenicol

Answer 21

Oxytetracycline

Question 22

Macrolides antibiotics are most commonly used in which species ?

Answer 22

Cattle
Used in multiple species but main labeled use for cattle used for resp t infection (they like the lungs)

Question 23

Which of the following drug is a macrolides?
- clindamycin
- gentamicin
- Lindomycin
- tilmicosin
- tobramycin

Answer 23

Tilmicosin
(Cardio toxic to people & other species)

Question 24

What happens when you combine the macrolide anti clarithromycin with rifampin?

Answer 24

Synergism against Rhodococcus equi
Decreases bioavailability of clarithromycin

Question 25

For drug to reach therapeutic conc in CNS which physiochemical properties must it possess?

Answer 25

Lipophilicity

Question 26

Which drug is most lipophilic?
- ampicillin
- florfenicol
- amikacin
- enrofloxican
- doxycycline

Question 27

Dog on chemo, how does that impact empiric antibiotic choice?

Answer 27

Bactericidal antibiotics would be preferred

Question 28

Systemic anti microbials are most indicated for which disease states?

Answer 28

Hemorrhagic diarrhea with fever and inappetence