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DTW Exam 4 > Parasitology - Arthropod 3 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Arthropod 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Body divisions of ticks and mites

A

Gnathosoma - mouth part
Idiosoma - remainder of body

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2
Q

Cause & symptoms of mange

A

Skin disease caused by mites
Alopecia, erythema, pruritus — pyoderma

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3
Q

Similarities of mites & lice

A

Host specific
All life stages on host/parasitic
Short life cycle (few weeks)
Transmission - direct contact

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4
Q

Differences of diagnosis of lice & mites

A

Mites - skin scraping
Lice - visual/microscope

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5
Q

Subsurface mites

A

Sarcoptes
Knemidocoptes
Demodex

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6
Q

Surface mites

A

Otodectes
Chorioptes
Psoroptes

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7
Q

Morphology of sarcoptic mites

A

Round bodies
Posterior legs visible ventrally
Burrowing mites in epidermis

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8
Q

Most common cause of mange

A

Sarcoptic mites

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9
Q

What species do sarcoptes scabiei infect?

A

Dogs, pigs, cattle*, horses**
Very host specific
Reportable in cattle

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10
Q

Pathogenicity of sarcoptes scabiei

A

Lesions on face, ears, legs
Pruritus, alopecia, inflammation

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11
Q

Chronic sarcoptic mange

A

Sarcoptes scabiei
Alopecia, thickened wrinkled skin
Pyoderma - secondary bacterial infection is common
Self inflicted trauma from scratching

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12
Q

Range of difficulty when diagnosing sarcoptes scabiei

A

Acute mange - easier, lesions more clear
Chronic mange - more difficult, no clear lesions, bacterial infection contamination

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13
Q

Treatment and control of sarcoptes scabiei

A

Drugs are effective, no known resistance
Zoonotic - humans can contract lesions but wont reach a full life cycle

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14
Q

Sarcoptic mites alternate hosts

A

Cats, rabbits, Guinea pigs

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15
Q

Demodex spp morphology

A

Cigar with legs, burrow deeper in skin
Larvae have 3 pairs of legs
Adults have 4 pairs of legs

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16
Q

What animal species have multiple mite Demodex species?

A

Cats and dogs

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17
Q

Location of Demodex mites

A

Hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Part of the normal skin flora (selective immunity)

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18
Q

Clinical signs of Demodex mites

A

Disease is common is dogs
Infection varies based on problem in immune system
Localized or generalized

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19
Q

Features of surface mites

A

Otodectes, chorioptes
Not borrower, superficial
More oval, longer legs, posterior legs are visible dorsally
Life cycle min 2 weeks

20
Q

Location & pathogenesis of Otodectes cynotis

A

Ear canal of dogs, cats, ferrets
Most common in cats, easily transmitted
Cause otitis externa — pruritus

21
Q

What mite causes coffee ground appearance?

A

Otodectes cynotis
Surface mite

22
Q

Chorioptes spp

A

Most common large animal mite
Specifically in cattle

23
Q

Pathogenesis & location of chorioptes

A

Cattle: tail head, back of udder/perineal region
Small ruminants: scrotum, can cause infertility
Horses: lower leg/body

24
Q

Order Acarina - ticks
Importance

A

Bite wounds
Blood loss
Tick paralysis
Transmission of pathogens**

25
Q

Tick-borne diseases

A

Lyme borreliosis
Anaplasmosis
Babesiosis
Ehrlichoiosis
RMSF
Cytauxzoonosis

26
Q

Two families of ticks

A

Hard ticks - important
Soft ticks

27
Q

Nomenclature for hard ticks

A

Ixodidae

28
Q

Nomenclature for soft ticks

A

Argasidae

29
Q

Appearance of ixodids

A

Shiny, scutum distinguishes M/F
Mouth parts project forward

30
Q

Life stages & important of molting in ticks

A

Egg, larva, nymph, adults
Cuticle restricts growth - molt occurs in environment
All common ticks are 3-host ticks

31
Q

Morphology of nymphs

A

M/F have 8 legs
Lack genital opening

32
Q

Morphology of adult ticks

A

M/F have 8 legs
Genital opening
Mate on host
Females lay eggs in environment & die

33
Q

Attachment tools for ticks

A

Hypostome - needle
Palp - gribbers

34
Q

Tick feeding

A

Slow feeding, several days
Rapid feeding, 12-36 hours prior to detachment

35
Q

Blocking functions of tick saliva

A

Histamine blocker
Anticoagulant
Paralytic toxins cause ascending motor paralysis

36
Q

Enlarging features of tick salvia

A

Cytolysins enlarge feeding lesion
Vasoactive mediators that increase vascular permeability

37
Q

Facilitated transmission (horizontal)

A

Trans-stadial transmission
Picks up disease as larva or nymph, transmits to subsequent host

38
Q

Facilitated transmission (vertical)

A

Transovarial transmission
Disease agent in female tick passes into eggs and is passed through subsequent stages

39
Q

How many common hard ticks species?

A

Big 4 species

40
Q

Common name of dermacentor variabilis

A

American dog tick

41
Q

Common name of Ixodes scapularis

A

black legged/deer tick

42
Q

Common name for Amblyomma Americanum

A

Lone star tick

43
Q

Common name for Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

Brown dog tick

44
Q

Common name of invasive tick in US

A

Asian longhorn tick

45
Q

Scientific name for Asian longhorned tick

A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

46
Q

Argasid ticks

A

Soft ticks
More successful in environment
Several nymph stages
Don’t transmit major diseases in the US

DTW Exam 4 (15 decks)

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