Clin Path - Monovalent Electrolyes Flashcards

1
Q

Monovalent electrolytes

A

Cat: na, k
An: cl, HCO3

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2
Q

How electrolytes are acquired

A

Diet : na, k, cl
Synthesized: hco3

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3
Q

Osmolarity

A

Concentration of solute
Calculated: na, k, glu, urea - moles/liter

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4
Q

Osmolality

A

Concentration of a solute
Measured - moles/kilogram

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5
Q

Osmo gap

A

= osmolality (measure) - osmolarity (calc)

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6
Q

Osmolarity equation

A

2(Na + K) + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8

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7
Q

Basics of renal function

A

Conserve: Na, Cl, HCO3, H2O
Excrete: K, H

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8
Q

Tubule function factors (5)

A

of functional nephrons

Flow rate within tubule
Medullary tonicity
Aldosterone
ADH

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9
Q

Main cause & alternative causes of hypernatremia & hyperchloremia

A

Dehydration !!
- h2o loss
- osmotic dieresis
- hyperaldosteroinism
- excess intake

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10
Q

Causes for hypoatremia & hypochloremia

A

Na & K loss
Na & K shifting
Excess water

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11
Q

Ways to lose Na or K

A

GI tract - vomiting diarrhea
Kidneys - dieresis, renal function
Skin - sweating or burns

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12
Q

Causes for Na or K shifting

A

Cell lysis - low levels due to shifting into dead cell
Cavitary (3rd) space - bladder ruptured, won’t appear on blood work, urine/electrolytes aren’t present in blood
Tumor necrosis
Myopatheis
Diabetes mellitus

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13
Q

Which to moles should follow each other?

A

Sodium and chloride should be functioning together
Be concerned when they’re not

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14
Q

How can excess water cause cardiac problems?

A

*heart failure
Decreased cardiac output = increased Na
Changing plasma volume = hyponatremia/chloremia

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