Parasitology - Arthropod 2 Flashcards
Order Diptera
Adults have 1 membranous wings
Complex meta
No parasitic stages
What irritations do flies cause? (4)
Fly worry
Fly bites (FBD)
Skin damage
Disease transmission**
What irritants do larvae cause?
Some are obligate parasites/facultative parasites
Fly species (4)
Musca domestica
Musca autumnalis
Haematobia irritants
Stomoxys calcitrans
Distinguishing features of Musca Domestica
House fly
Non biting/non parasitic
Fly worry, disease vector
Eggs in organic material
Generation time - 2 weeks
Features of Musca autumnalis
Face fly
Cattle, non biting, females eat tear secretions for proteins
Fly worry, eye irritation, transmit bovine pinkeye
Features of Haematobia irritants
Horn fly
Sit dorsum (ventral when hot) on cattle
Resident parasites
Eggs in fresh manure, 10-12 days
Haematobia irritans irritants
Fly worry, feed 20x day
FBD, bacteria causing mastitis
Most important external parasite in US cattle
Stomoxys calcitrans
Stable fly
Most important biting fly (esp 3rd world countries)
Stomoxys calcitrans cycle and irritants
Bites lower body/feet of livestock
Lay eggs in decaying organic material, visit host 1-2x day. Duration: 28-30 days
FW, FBD
Family Tabanidae
Horse/deer fly
Lay eggs near water, bite/feed every 3 days
FW, painful bites, key for mechanical vectors of disease
Culicidae
Life cycle & pathogenicity
Mosquitos
Eggs in water, wide variation, females are parasitic
Culicidae
Importance
FW, FBD, disease vector: heart worm, encephalitis viruses, avian malaria, West Nile virus
Simuliidae
Black flies/buffalo gnats
Eggs in rapid water
Intense FW = stampedes
FBD, avian hemprotorozoa, EEE, vesicular stomatitis
Culicoides spp
No see, midges (pass through wire screens)
Larvae in moist soil/water
FW, FBD in EQ = Sweet itch, transmits blue tongue in ruminants
Hippoboscidae
Bloodsucking, wingless, flat body, sheep/goats
Mechanical fly control - LA
Screens/doors, sheets/masks
Manure control - LA
Removal, feed pesticides, parasitoid
Pesticides fly control - LA
Food animals: dust bags, back rubs, ear tags, pour on
Horses: sprays, pour on
Myiasis definition
Any infection due to the invasion of the tissues or cavities of the body by the larvae of dipterous insects
Myiasis two types
Cutaneous Myiasis: fly strike, maggots
Internal Myiasis: grubs, warbles, bots
Fly strike
Larvae of blow flies, metallic color, larvae called maggots, facultative parasites
Fly strike life cycle
Eggs in decaying org material
Larvae feed necrotic material
Pupate on ground
Females attracted by secretions from wounds, fecal material
Fly strike diagnosis & treatment
Presence of maggots
Depressed from toxemia
Remove maggots
Fly strike prevention
Wound spray in season, castrate, dehorn prior
Screwworm taxonomy
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Screwworm features
Obligate parasite - requires living tissue
Produces severe disease, eradicated by sterile male release program (male mate 4x, female mate 1x)
Internal Myiasis main features
Larvae = bots, grubs, warbles. Obligate internal parasites
Hairy, adults don’t feed
Gasterophilus spp life cycle
Horse bots, common
Eggs laid on face/legs
Hatch & migrate to mouth, gums /tongue
Move to stomach for 10-12 months
Pass in manure
Gasterophilus spp clin signs, diagnosis, treatment
Not pathogenic, no specific clin signs
See flies, eggs
Ivermectin, annual treatment/removal
Cuterebra spp life cycle
Rodent bot flies
Parasites of rodents, rabbits
Eggs near burrows/trails
Develop subQ cyst
Cuterebra spp clinical signs, treatment/control
Lumps, openings, secondary infection, abnormal migration
Remove carefully
Common in dogs/cats, found on head/neck
Order Hemiptera
Bugs
Bed bugs (cimex spp)
Kissing bugs (triatomid)
