Pathology - Fundmanetals Of Neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasia definition

Answer 1

New growth

Question 2

Neoplasm

Answer 2

Disorder of cell growth, triggered by a series of acquired mutations affecting a single cell & its clinal progeny

Question 3

Tumor definition

Answer 3

Swelling - may or may not be neoplastic

Question 4

Cancer

Answer 4

Malignant neoplasms, common to describe whole disease

Question 5

Disease function of neoplasia

Answer 5

Genetic disease arising from DNA alterations that days regulate gene structure or function

Question 6

Permanence of neoplasia

Answer 6

Irreversible, can remove but cell damage is permanent

Question 7

4 classes of normal regulatory genes - targets for cancer mutations

Answer 7

Proto-oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
DNA repair genes
Genes regulating cell death

Question 8

Benign neoplasia

Answer 8

Non invasive
No metastasis
Local removal is curative

Question 9

Names for benign tissue suffix & examples

Answer 9

“Oma”
Adipose: lipo + oma
Fibroblasts: fibro + oma
Bone: osteo + oma

Question 10

Tumor derived from glandular tissue

Answer 10

adeno

Question 11

Malignant neoplasia

Answer 11

Locally invasive & destructive growth
Can/will metastasize

Question 12

Malignant neplasm derived from mesenchymal cells

Answer 12

Sarcoma

Question 13

Malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells

Answer 13

Carcinomas

Question 14

Differentiation

Answer 14

Extent which neoplastic cells resemble the normal population of cells originally derived from
(Benign = well differentiated)
(Malignant = poorly differentiated)

Question 15

Anaplastic

Answer 15

Common in malignant neoplasm
Poorly differentiated

Question 16

Morphologic characteristics to evaluate differentiation

Answer 16

Cellular pleomorphism (shape/size)
Nuclear morphology- anisokaryosis
Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
Mitosis type
Cellular orientation (cytoplasma location)

Question 17

Functional differentiation

Answer 17

Do tumor cells behave like the tissue of origin

Question 18

Example of a benign tumor with malignant consequences

Answer 18

Pituitary tumor secreting extra ACTH leading to cushings disease. Tumor itself was benign but result had malignant properties

Question 19

Most important characteristic of malignancy

Answer 19

Lack or presence of local invasiveness
-surgical margins

Question 20

Metastasis definition

Answer 20

Spread of neoplastic cells from primary lesion to physically discontinuous sites

Question 21

Pathways for metastasis

Answer 21

Blood stream (sarcomas)
Lymphatic channels and nodes (carcinomas)
Direct implantation by contact (carinomatosis)

Question 22

Hyperplasia definition

Answer 22

Increased number of cells in a tissue

Question 23

Function of hyperplasia

Answer 23

Orderly pattern of growth
Cells resemble normal cells
May increase mitotic figures
Can be normal and responsive

Question 24

Permanence of hyperplasia

Answer 24

Can be reversible if stimulus for growth is removed

Question 25

Dysplasia definition

Answer 25

Disorderly but non-neoplastic growth of epithelial cells

Question 26

Dysplasia function

Answer 26

Cells show loss in uniformity - pleomorphism
May increase mitotic figures
May progress to neoplasia

Question 27

Carcinoma in-situ

Answer 27

When dysplastic changes are full thickness but do not penetrate the basement membrane

Question 28

Metaplasia definition

Answer 28

Replacement of one adult cell types by another of the same germ line

Question 29

Function of metaplasia

Answer 29

Often associated with prolonged tissue damage or repair
May be reversible if source of irritation is removed
Possibly pre-neoplastic