Pharmacology of Allergy, Asthma, & COPD Drugs Flashcards
What are the commonly used anti-leukotrienes?
Zafirlukast, Montelukast
True/False. In patients with COPD, anticholinergics are as effective or more effective than beta agonists.
True - in asthma, beta agonists are more effective
This beta agonist is preferred in older patients and patients sensitive to cardiac side effects.
Levalbuterol
What is the MOA of theophylline?
Inhibits PDE to increase cAMP levels
What drugs are first-line agents for treatment of acute asthma?
Short-acting beta agonists
What anticholinergics are used as bronchodilators in COPD?
Ipratropium, Tiotropium
True/False. Theophylline is ineffective orally and must be delivered via inhalation.
False - it is ineffective with inhalation and must be orally taken
True/False. COPD inflammation is resistant to steroid treatment.
True
This is the most commonly used first generation anti-histamine.
Diphenhydramine
This bronchodilator has a narrow therapeutic window and severe ADRs so it is rarely used in the USA.
Theophylline
This drug is a monoclonal antibody that blocks IgE binding to treat asthma.
Omalizumab
Asthma is a (Th1/Th2) response, while COPD is a (Th1/Th2) response.
Asthma - Th2 (eosinophils, mast cells, B cells)
COPD - Th1 (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells)
What are the most common second generation anti-histamines?
Fexofenadine, loratidine, cetirizine
Beta agonists and corticosteroids have synergistic effects. Why is this?
Corticosteroids increase beta 2 receptor expression
True/False. Anti-leukotrienes play no role in COPD therapy.
True
What is the primary ADR of first generation anti-histamines?
Sedation & anti-cholinergic effects
This drug is used as a prophylaxis to prevent bronchoconstriction, but has no bronchodilatory action.
Cromolyn
What classes of drugs are used as bronchodilators?
Beta agonists, PDE inhibitors, anticholinergics
This drug is a monoclonal antibody against IL-5 to reduce eosinophils.
Mepolizumab
What ADRs are associated with Theophylline?
Cardiac arrhythmias, epileptic seizures
This is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used in COPD treatment.
Tiotropium
What are the commonly used short-acting beta agonists?
Albuterol, levalbuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline
How do corticosteroids reduce inflammation?
Reverse histone acetylation leading to suppression of inflammatory genes
What are the clinical uses of anti-histamine drugs?
Allergic reactions, motion sickness, nausea/vomiting
What are the commonly used long-acting beta agonists?
Salmeterol, formoterol
