Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine

Question 1

This disease is uncommon before 2yo, but can present as septicemia.

Answer 1

Pharyngitis

Question 2

A 10yo girl has been experiencing headaches, congestion, and cough for 11 days. What is the best next step for treatment?

Answer 2

Sinusitis - if symptoms last longer than 10 days it is likely bacterial and antibiotics should be prescribed

Question 3

Steeple sign on a CXR is characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 3

Croup

Question 4

What risk factors are associated with GBS pneumonia in a newborn?

Answer 4

Prematurity, maternal infection, membrane rupture

Question 5

A nighttime cough cough in a child is characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 5

Asthma

Question 6

What is the gold standard test for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 6

Sweat chloride test

Question 7

What is the most sensitive and specific sign of pneumonia in pediatric patients?

Answer 7

Tachypnea

Question 8

This newborn respiratory distress disease presents with discolored amniotic fluid, diffuse parenchymal infiltrates, and hyperinflation.

Answer 8

Meconium aspiration

Question 9

This newborn respiratory distress disease presents with lung infiltrates with air bronchograms or lobar consolidation and pleural effusion.

Answer 9

GBS Pneumonia

Question 10

A cough in a child that disappears during sleep is characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 10

Habit cough

Question 11

This newborn respiratory distress disease presents 24-48hrs after birth with diffuse parenchymal infiltrates.

Answer 11

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Question 12

True/False. Sinusitis is unlikely to present before 7yo.

Answer 12

True - sinuses are not fully developed before this age

Question 13

What is the most common cause of stridor in children?

Answer 13

Laryngomalacia

Question 14

What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Answer 14

Adenotonsilar hypertrophy

Question 15

How is choanal atresia diagnosed?

Answer 15

By the inability to pass a catheter through the nasal cavity

Question 16

How do cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia differ?

Answer 16

Cystic fibrosis - pancreatic insufficiency

PCD - male infertility, dextrocardia

Question 17

What is the most common cause of croup in children?

Answer 17

Parainfluenza virus

Question 18

What is the most common serious acute illness in children?

Answer 18

Acute bronchiolitis

Question 19

A persistent morning cough in a child is characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 19

Allergic rhinitis

Question 20

When children are sleep deprived, how do they present?

Answer 20

Inattentive and hyperactive

Question 21

Parents come to the ED with their infant concerned about his breathing. He breaths rapidly then stops breathing for 8s and rapidly breaths again. This pattern continuously repeats. What is the best treatment?

Answer 21

Reassurance to parents. This is normal breathing for an infant. Because of this to calculate an infant’s RR you must count all breaths for 60s

Question 22

A paroxysmal cough in a child is characteristic of what disorder?

Answer 22

Pertussis

Question 23

This pediatric disorder is due to the failure of the nasal cavity and oropharynx to connect.

Answer 23

Choanal atresia

Question 24

What is the cause of laryngomalacia?

Answer 24

Exaggerated collapse of the glottic structures. It often improves with age

Question 25

This congenital disorder allows for portions of the intestines to enter the thoraic cavity.

Answer 25

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia