Pathology of Obstructive Airway Disease Flashcards
These are extrusions of mucus plugs commonly found in cases of asthma exacerbation.
Curschmann spirals
Cor pulmonale is most associated with what type of COPD?
Chronic bronchitis
This disorder is autosomal recessive and caused by mutations resulting in ciliary dysfunction the prevents mucus clearance.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
What is bronchiectasis?
Permanent dilation of the airways due to excess mucus
Acute lung injury is caused by abrupt onset hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary edema. What is the cause of edema?
Increased vascular permeability due to inflammation
What trisomies are associated with pulmonary hypoplasia?
Trisomies 13, 18, & 21
What symptoms characterize Samter’s triad?
Asthma, sinus disease with nasal polyps, NSAID sensitivity (esp. aspirin)
What occurs during the proliferative phase of ARDS?
Proliferation of Type 2 pneumocytes and alveolar thickening by fibroblasts
What are the different mechanisms of atelectasis?
Resorption, compression, contraction (fibrosis)
True/False. Bronchogenic cysts present early in life with acute respiratory distress and cyanosis.
False - bronchogenic cysts present later in life and are often asymptomatic.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation present early in life with acute respiratory distress and cyanosis.
What is atelectasis?
Incomplete expansion or collapse of a lung
This is a specific type of atelectasis caused by compression from the hilar lymph nodes.
Right middle lobe syndrome - obstruction of the right bronchus to the right middle lobe
What acid/base imbalance is associated with ARDS?
Respiratory acidosis
This is a nonspecific histologic finding common in patients with chronic lung disease.
Creola bodies - groups of reactive bronchial cells
What is the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Deficiency in pulmonary surfactant produced by type 2 pneumocytes
What are Charcot-Leyden crystals?
Crystals of eosinophils found in asthmatics
This pulmonary congenital anomaly is characterized by incomplete of defective lung development.
Pulmonary hypoplasia
This type of emphysema is associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults.
Paraseptal/Localized emphysema - bullae lesions adjacent the pleura
What is the most common type of emphysema?
Centriacinar - lesions in the upper lobes associated with cancer
This type of emphysema presents with lesions in the lower zones and is associated with a1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Panacinar emphysema
What are the stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Acute exudative phase, proliferative phase, late fibrotic stage
Hyaline membranes form during what phase of ARDS?
Acute exudative phase - within one week of injury
This pulmonary congenital anomaly is characterized by focal obliteration of the proximal segment of a bronchus.
Bronchial atresia
This is a classic histologic finding in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Hyaline membranes
What is the mechanism of allergic asthma?
IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (Th2 response)
This pulmonary congenital anomaly presents in the first two years of life with respiratory distress and cyanosis.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
What histologic findings are present in an asthmatic airway?
Goblet cell hyperplasia, fibrosis of the basement membrane, eosinophilic inflammation, smooth muscle hyperplasia
What is pulmonary sequestration?
A congenital anomaly in which a discrete area of lung tissue is not connected to the airways. May be intralobar or extralobar
