Pharmacology For The DC Part 3 Flashcards
two types of bacteria
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Needs oxygen to survive
Aerobic bacteria
Survives without oxygen
Anaerobic
Shape bacteria
Round
Rod-shaped
Curved
Spiraled
Size bacteria
0.5 micrometer to 5 micrometers
How do we kill bacteria
With antibiotics
Antibiotics
From Greek against life
We kill bacteria in 2 ways
Bactericidal action
Bacteriostatic action
Kills the invading organism
Bactericidal action
Inhibits the growth or multiplications of bacteria
Bacteriostatic action
Antibiotic spectrum
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
Effective against a wide variety of bacteria
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Effective against a few bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
The major categories of antibiotics
Sulfonamides Penicillins Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Macrolides Tetracyclines Flouroquinolones
First drugs to prevent and cure bacterial infection
Sulfonamides
DOC for UTI’s by E. Coli
Sulfonamides
Dyscrasias (abnormal blood condition like anemia
Steven’s Johnson syndrome (can be fatal)
Kidney stones
Photosensitivity
Side effects of sulfonamides
Discovered by Arthur Fleming in 1928
First used in 1941
Derived from certain sepcies of the fungus penicillin
Penicillins
Most widely used anti-infective agents
Penicillins
Penicillins are available as
Penicillin G (prototype)
Penicillin V -DOC for strep throat
Amoxacillin
Side effects of penicillin
Allergy in 7-10% of population
Itchy skin
Red rash
Anaphylaxis (can be fatal)
Related to penicillin
Used to treat infections of skin, urinary tract, respiratory tract
Cephalosporins
If allergic to penicillin, has chance of being allergic to
Cephalosporins
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Toxic
As a consequence, used for SEVERE infections
Aminoglycosides
Includes erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
Alternatives when pt allergic to penicillin
Macrolides
Broad spectrum
Effective against some bacterial strains that may resist other antibiotics
Tetracyclines
Therapeutic uses of tetracycline
Acne Anthrax Chronic bronchitis Lyme disease Rocky mountain spotted fever Some STDs
Side effects of tetracycline
GI upset Nausea Vomiting Photosensitization Avoided by pregnant women and <9 as can cause severe tooth discoloration
Fluoroquinolones aka
Quinolones
Primarily used for UTIs
Fluoroquinolones