IRAT 3 SLEEP/FEVER Flashcards by Sally June

The best cure for insomnia

Get a lot of sleep

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Insomnia can be caused by

Psychiatric and medical conditions
Unhealthy sleep habits
Specific substances
Certain biological factors

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Medical causes of insomnia

Allergies
GI conditions
Arthritis
Asthma
Neuro conditions
Chronic pain
Back pain
Commonly taken medications

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Insomnia other medical conditions

Restless leg syndrome

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__ of US population has RLS

10% has restless leg syndrome

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Airway becomes partially or completely obstructed during sleep

Sleep apnea

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Oxygen levels drop and person wakes up briefly but often

Sleep apnea

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Sleep apnea machine

CPAP

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0-3 m recommended sleep

14-17 hours

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4-11 m recommended sleep

12-15 hours

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1-2 y rec sleep

11-14 hours

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3-5 y rec sleep

10-13 hours

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6-13 y rec sleep

9-11 hours

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14-17 y rec sleep

8-10 hours

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18-25 y rec sleep

7-9 hours

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26-64 y rec sleep

7-9 hours

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Greater than 64 rec sleep

9 hours

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Pyrexia

Adult fever

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Pyrexia caused by

A wide variety of illness

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Pyrexia usually occurs in response to

An infection

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Pyrexia rarely occurs without

Other symptoms

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Pyrexia is often accompanies by

Specific complaints

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Normal temp varies depending on

Individual
Time of day
Weather

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Normal body temp

37C

98.6F

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Body temp is controlled by

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus controls body temp through

Shivering and sweating

Fever occurs when the immune system is triggered by

Pyrogens

Fever producing substances

Fever means

100.4F | 38C

Pyrogens include but are not limited to

``` Viruses Bacteria Fungi Drugs Toxins ```

Temp usually measured by insertion into

Mouth Rectum Axilla Ear

Because of glass breakage and mercury, ___ is used in US

Digital thermometers | Or temp sensitive infrared device that measures temp in skin by rubbing sensor on body

Low grade fever

100-101F

Intermediate grade fever

102F

High grade fever

103-104

Dangerous fever

>104F

Prolonged/persistent fever

Lasting longer than 10-14 days

Constant fever

Lasting longer than 3-4 days

Remittent fever

Comes and goes at regular intervals

Hyperpyrexia

>106F

Viral fever is among the most frequent Symptoms

``` Runny nose Sore throat Cough Horaseness Diarrhea Vomiting Upset stomach ```

Viral fever improves with

Time

May help with loss of electrolytes

Gatorade or sports drink

Influenza virus is a major cause of death in

Geriatric population

Influenza virus symptoms

Headache | Muscle/joint ache

Influenza virus usually occurs during

Winter

Works as an expectorant and has anti-viral properties

Garlic

Has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces muscle and joint pain

Ginger

Contain phytochemicals called limonoids that have antiviral properties/they also help to increase WBCs

Oranges

Contains antiviral compounds and works as an antitussive

Honey

Bacterial fever can affect

Any organ system in the body

CNS symptoms of bacterial fever

``` HA Stiff neck Confusion Lethargy Irritability Photophobia ```

Respiratory symptoms bacterial fever

``` Cough Dyspnea Chest pain Mucus production HA Sore throat ```

GU symptoms bacterial fever

Dysuria Hematuria Urge to urinate Back pain

Reproductive symptoms bacterial fever

Pelvic discharge Pelvic pain PID

GI symptoms bacterial fever

``` Diarrhea Vomiting Stomach upset Steatorrhea Abdominal pain ```

Circulatory symptoms bacterial fever

Body aches Chills Weakenss Confusion

Skin symptoms bacterial fever

``` Redness Swelling Warmth Pus Pain Abscess Cellulitis Rash ```

Fungal fever can affect

Any organ

May require biopsy to diagnose

Fungal fever

Fungal fever may require __ meds

Antifungal

Animal exposure fever bacteria usually exist in

Livestock Unpasteurized dairy products In urine of infected animals

People who work with livestock and such can develop these symptoms when having animal exposure fever

Chills HA Muscle/joint ache

Anyone who travels especially outside the US may develop traveler’s fever after exposure to

New foods, insects, toxins

A fever that occurs after starting a new medication

Drug fever

Should go away after the drug is stopped

Drug fever

Thrombus may cause fever due to

Inflammation in blood vessel Blood clot fever

Tumor fever Cancer can cause fever in a variety of wayes

Tumor can make pyrogens Tumor can become infected Brain tumors can affect the hyptothalamus CA meds can cause fever Immune system can be compromised in CA patients

Causes of weak immune systems

``` Cancer Cancer treatments Long term steroids HIV >65 No spleen Diabetes Alcoholism Heavy drug use ```

Environmental fever aka

Hyperthermia

Happens from overheating

Environmental fever

Caused with overexertion in hot environment

Environmental fever

Symptoms environmental fever

Confusion Lethargy Treated as a medical emergency Must be cooled immediately