Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ADV CLET 1 > IRAT 2 > Flashcards

IRAT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 main types of diabetes

A

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Several thousand years ago, doctors noticed that some people had to urinate frequently

A

History of diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What we may call pee the Greeks called

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ancient doctors tasted the urine of the diabetics and found that it tasted

A

As sweet as honey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Honey sweet greek word

A

Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 2 diabetes was previously called

A

Non-insulin dependent diabetes

Adult-onset diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type 2 diabetes accounts for ___ of all cases of diabetes

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type 2 age

A

Any age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type 2 may remain undetected for

A

Years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many americans have diabetes

A

30.3 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

American diagnosed diabetes

A

23.1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Undiagnosed american diabetes

A

7.2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prediabetes

A

86 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

New cases in 2015

A

1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Men

A

11.8% of men 20 and older have diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Women

A

10.8% of women 20 and older have diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adults having diabetes have heard disease death rates of

A

About 2-4 times higher than adults without diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__ of diabetics have hypertension

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness in adults

A

20-74 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leading cause of kidney failure

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In 2014, ___ US citizens developed end-stage renal disease with diabetes as the primary cause

A

51, 159

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Type 2 diabetes
Blacks
Hispanics
Asians
Whites
A
  1. 2%
  2. 8%
  3. 0%
  4. 6%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Age 20-44

A

4.3 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Age 45-64

A

13.4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Age 65+
11.2 million
26
Men
15.5 million
27
Women
13.4 million
28
Total cost in 2012 of diabetes
245 billion
29
Direct medical costs diabetes
176 billion
30
Reduced productivity
69 billion
31
___ leading cause of death in the US
7th
32
No symptom stands alone for being diabetes All symptoms seen with diabetes can be caused by
Other conditions
33
10 most common symptoms of diabets
``` Frequent urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Tingling and numbness in hands or feet Feeling tired most of the time Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal More infections that usual ```
34
Most common symptom of diabetes
Polyuria
35
The nephrons in the kidney filter the plasma Useful small molecules such as glucose and AA end up in the urine
Polyuria
36
In diabetics urine, the filtered load of glucose is
Not resorbed
37
Glucose draws water
Into the urine through osmosis
38
One of the earliest symptoms and often accompanied by dry mouth or cotton mouth
Polydipsia
39
Polydipsis usually occurs together with
Polyuria
40
Glucose draws water into the blood The kidneys attempt to remove the excess glucose by producing more urine Causes dehydration in the cells
Polydipsia
41
Normally body weight can flutuate up to ____ without a change in eating habits
Up to 5 lbs or 5% body weight
42
Early diabetes may present as feeling
Unusually hungry but patient experiences weight loss
43
Normal nocturnal urination
2-3 times a night
44
Normal defecation
1-3 times a day
45
Weight loss
Not using enough glucose for energy so body is breaking down stored fat and muscle tissue for energy
46
#1 cause of blindness in the UA
Macular degenration
47
#2 cause of blindness in US
Glaucoma
48
Diabetic eye diseases include
Diabetic retinopathy, cataract and glaucoma
49
Most common diabetic eye disease
Diabetic retinopathy
50
Diabetic retinopathy
Usually bilateral A Leading cause of blindness of american adults
51
2 types of diabetic retinopathy
Nonproliferative | Proliferative
52
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Most common form Capillaries balloon 3 stages mild moderate and severe
53
Capillary walls may lose ability to control the passage of materials between the blood and the retina Fluid leaks into macula Vision blurs and can be lost entirely Usually does not require treamtent
Nonproliferative retinopathy
54
Proliferative retinopathy
May progress over years Fraglile new blood vessels grow in retina and vitreous humor
55
New blood vessels start growing in the retina New blood vessels leak blood which blocks vision New vessels may cause scar tissue, shrink and detach the retina
Proliferative retinopathy
56
Treatment for retinopathy
Scatter photocoagulation Focal photocoagulation Virectomy
57
Ophthalmologist makes hundreds of tiny laser burns on teh retina This seals blood vessels Only works before bleeding and/or detachment has progressed very far
Scatter photocoagulation
58
Laser is aimed specifically at leaking vessel
Focal photocoagulation
59
Used when retina has detached Removes scar tissue and cloudy fluid Re-attaching retina is successful in only 50% of cases
Virectomy
60
Supplements for diabetes
``` Magnesium Vanadium Biotin Vitamin D3 Chromium ```
61
Essential for balancing glucose and maintatining the beta cells in the pancreas
Magnesium
62
Metabolizes glucose
Vanadium
63
Prevents insulin resistance
Biotin
64
Assists in insulin resistance
Vitamin D3
65
Required for normal metabolism of sugar, carbs and fats
Chromium
66
Releases epinephrine and consequently increases metabolism
Green tea
67
Combining this with pomegranate significantly increases metabolism 5mg/3x/day
Fucoxanthin
68
Patient needs exercise Low end
Subtract pts age from 220 Multiply by 65% 20 min/day
69
High end exercises
Multiply max heart rate by 85% | 20 min/day

ADV CLET 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions