IRAT 1 - WC/TOS/CTS Flashcards

1
Q

Compensation to injured workers dates back to

A

2500 BC

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2
Q

The origins of WC are placed

A

At the beginning of the industrial revolution (19th century)

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3
Q

Three principals gradually developed which determined what injuries would be compensable

A

Contributory negligence
The fellow servant rule
The assumption of risk

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4
Q

Held that employers were NOT held liable if the worker’s injury resulted from the negligence of a fellow worker

A

The fellow servant rule

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5
Q

Held that the employee knew of the hazards of the job when he signed on thereby agreeing to all the inherent risks

A

The assumption of risk

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6
Q

Western nations began to adopt a model for workers compensation in the

A

Late 1800s

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7
Q

In 1910 representatives from teh industrial states met

A

In chicago to outline a set of guidelines for WC

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8
Q

The 1st WC law was passed in ____ in 1911 and 9 states followed shortly thereafter

A

Wisconsin

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9
Q

Physician attitudes toward worker injuries changes in the 1930s when

A

Social security disability insurance was created

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10
Q

Social security disability insurance was created and shortly after the AMA published th

A

Guides to teh evaluation of permanent disability

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11
Q

WC coverage eventually advanced to a no fault system

A

A system that allows for an injured worker to be treated and compensated for an niury without negligence being allocated to the employer

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12
Q

in california today there are

A

More than 300,000 claims per year

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13
Q

Billions of dollars are spent in CA each year in

A

Benefits

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14
Q

The CA WC law requires that the injured worker prove that the injury

A

Arose out of and occurred in the course of employment

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15
Q

Injuries WC in CA can be either

A

Specific
Cumulative
Psychiatric, mental or emotional

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16
Q

Benefits in CA include

A
Temporary disability
Medical treatment
Permanent disability
Vocational retraining
Serious and willful misconduct
Death benefits
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17
Q

Temporary disability WC in CA

A

Paid at 2/3 of the injured workers average wage
Max is 1066.72 per week
Minimum is 160 per week

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18
Q

Phone rings at office WC filed

A

Dr. Files DFRI

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19
Q

You will then after DFRI have to

A

Request authorization for treatment

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20
Q

The UR (utilization review) process is to determine the medical necessity and appropriateness of treatment and is not

A

An approval or guarantee for payment of medical services.

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21
Q

Only the ___ can approve payment off UR

A

Insurance carrier or claims representative

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22
Q

After review of the request, based on teh medical information submitted, the following specific treatment and/or service for patient is denied

A

Adverse determination

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23
Q

Requested service meets the established criteria of medical necessity and reasonableness based on the information provided. If additional treatment is required, please forward request for ongoing/concurrent care in writing at least 3 days prior to start/implementation date.

A

Approval letter

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24
Q

You determine the patient to be at

A

MMI or P&S

Now determine PD and apportionment

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25
Median nerve entrapment pronator teres syndrome
Common entrapment site that is between 2 heads of pronator teres adn the arch of flexor digitorum superficialis
26
Most common cause of pronator teres syndrome/median nerve entrapment
Fibrous bands
27
If entrapment of median nerve takes place in carpal tunnel we call it
CTS
28
Carpal tunnel formed by
Superior - transverse carpal ligament Medially - pisiform/hamate Laterally - navicular/trapezium
29
Patient S&S Pain and numbness/tingling in median nerve distribution area Symptoms worse upon awakening May complain of clumsiness or difficulty gripping Thenar atrophy
CTS
30
Most common to have HX of prolonged wrist oversuse Pressure inside the tunnel increases with extreme positions
CTS
31
Demographics of CTS
Women in 40s and 50s 4x more likely to develop it
32
2nd most common WC injury
CTS
33
CTS risk is high for work such as
Auto assembly, meatpacking, poultry processing
34
Why are women predisposed to CTS
Smaller wrist bones Genetic links Strong hormonal changes during menses, pregnancy, and menopause After age 50 men and women are equally predisposed
35
CTS acute
Numbness and tingling in palmar thumb, index and radial half of middle finger Positive tinel’s Positive phalens
36
Goals for CTS acute
Reduce any internal swelling, decrease pain or numbness/tingling frequency
37
Concerns for acute CTS
If condition progresses to atrophy, surgery is likely
38
Criteria CTS subacute
Frequency of numbness/tingling event is decreasing
39
Goals CTS subacute
Retrain pt to proper activities to reduce stress on CT
40
Concerns CTS acute
Pt is unable to avoid aggravating activites
41
CTS symptom free criteria
No complaints with moderate daily usage
42
Goals symptom free CTS
Maintain proper work ergonomic environment | Wean patient off night support
43
Concerns CTS symptom free
Pt returns to work activities without proper ergonomic support
44
Keyboard use and CTS
No association
45
Mouse usage adn CTS
Still a question
46
__ of CTS patients recover within a few weeks of surgical release
90%
47
__ of CTS patients fully recover with conservative treatment after 2-12 weeks
30-70%
48
Standard of nonconservative treatment for CTS is
Nocturnal neutral splintings or cock-up splint
49
Prevention of CTS
Splinting
50
__ of those in splint study group eventually ahd surgery after 18 months
41%
51
US CTS
After 7 weeks showed significant improvement
52
Classic Katz diagram
Greater than 2 out of digits 1-3; no palm involvement but radiation into forearms
53
Probable katz diagram
Greater than 2 out of 1-3 digits;; palm involved
54
Unlikely katz diagram
0 out of digits 1-3 with possible medial palm involvement | Illustrates more ulnar nerve involement
55
TOS aka
``` Cervical rib syndrome Scalenus anticus sydnrome Pectoralis minor syndrome Hyperabduction syndrome Costoclavicular syndrome ```
56
TOS anatomic space bordered by
1st rib Clavicle Superior border of scapula through which great vessels and nerves of upper extremity pass
57
TOS is a syndrome characterized by symptoms attributable to compression of the neural or vascular anatomic structures that pass through the
Thoracic outlet
58
TOS is bordered Anteriorly by Posteriorly by Inferiorly by
Anterior scalene Middle scalene 1st rib
59
TOS tests
``` Adsons Wrights Eden Roos Auscultation US of carotid artery ```
60
Adson
Pain and/or paresthesia decreased or absent pulse amplitude, pallor Compression of neurovascular bundle by scalenus anticus or cervical rib
61
Wright
Aka hyperabduction maneuver Compression of axillary artery by pectoralis minor or coracoid process. TOS
62
Eden
Aka costoclavicular maneuver Compression of neurovascular bundle between clavicle and 1st rib
63
Roos
Aka EAST Ischemic pain, heaviness of arms, numbness adn tingling of hand TOS on side invlved This is most accurate for TOS evaluation