Loose Ends

Question 1

A collection of synovial fluid usually made in response to meniscal pathology or joint degeneration.
Palpable on the posterior aspect of the knee and also known as a popliteal cyst

Answer 1

Baker’s cyst

Question 2

Commonly referred to as patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Softening or degeneration of the cartilage on the undersurface of the patellofemoral joint.
Patient presents with prepatellar pain upon arising from a chair or climbing steps

Answer 2

Chondromalacia patella

Question 3

A clcification at or adjacent to the insertion of the MCL on the medial femoral condyle indicative of a chronic MCL injury

Answer 3

Pellegrini-stieda sign

Question 4

Jumper’s knee

Common to sports that require jumping like basketball

Answer 4

Patellar tendonitis

Question 5

An inflammation of the prepatellar bursa.
Aka prepatellar bursitis.
Common in sports that require kneeling like wrestling or professions like housekeeping or construction.

Answer 5

Housemaid’s knee

Question 6

A painless but progressive flexion contracture of the fingers caused by diseased palmar fascia
Commonly starts with ring and little finger but can involve entier hand. Has a hereditary component and is seen more commonly in men of northern european descent. It’s gene has been mapped.

Answer 6

Dupuytren’s contracture

Question 7

A congenital anomaly characterized by absence of the central rays (2 3 and/or 4th)
Also called a lobster claw or ectrodactyly.
Patients often have similar deformities of the feet

Answer 7

Cleft hand

Question 8

A congenital enlargement of a digit due to a localized deregulation of growth. The index finger is the most commonly involved

Answer 8

Macrodactyly

Question 9

Digit duplication. Can be any finger

Answer 9

Polydactyly

Question 10

A congenital anomaly of conjoined fingers.

More than half of cases involve the middle and ring fingers.

Answer 10

Syndactyly

Question 11

An infection inside the fingertip on the palm side.
Usually due to a bacterial infection (staph)
Important to get treatment quickly as blood vessels can be compromised causing permanent damage.
Also, infection can spread to bone

Answer 11

Felon

Question 12

A benign cyst formed by the synovium filled with fluid
They most commonly develop along tendons or joints in wrists or hands.
60-70% are at the scapholunate ligament

Answer 12

Ganglion

Question 13

A lateral deviation if the first proximal phalanx on the first metatarsal. Common name is bunion
Small bunion called bunionette or tailor’s bunion

Answer 13

Hallux valgus

Question 14

A degenerative arthritis disease of the first MTP joint

Answer 14

Hallux rigidus

Question 15

Toe deformitis

Answer 15

Hammar toe
Mallet toe
Claw toe

Question 16

A thickening of a common digital nerve at the webspace of the foot.
4:1 female to male
Etiology unknown
Most common between 3rd and 4th

Answer 16

Morton’s neuroma

Question 17

An injury to the capsule surrounding the 1st MTP joint.

Usually caused by hyperextension with an axial load applied to the plantar flexed foot

Answer 17

Turf toe

Question 18

Collapse of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 18

Flat foot/pes planus

Question 19

Flat foot/pes planus 3 types

Answer 19

Flexible foot
Flexible/supple flatfoot with shortened or tight achilles tendon
Rigid flatfoot

Question 20

Flexible flatfoot
Universally seen in most children
Affects both feet, is painless and does not cause any disability

Answer 20

Pes planus

Question 21

Flexible/supple flatfoot with a shortened or tight achilles tendon
Usually affects both feet and causes disability and pain

Answer 21

Pes planus

Question 22

Rigid flatfoot
Least common
Often found with complications of tarsal bones
50% of patients have bilateral involvement

Answer 22

Pes planus

Question 23

Increased tissue pressure due to swelling, edema or bleeding within an enclosed anatomic space surrounded by the semi-rigid fascia of a muscular compartment
This increase in pressure leads to venous obstruction and collapse thereby reducing blood flow thorugh teh capillary network

Answer 23

Compartment syndrome