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Pharmacology 218 > Pharmacology Exam 6 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Some kind of organism that can cause disease

Virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoans

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

Ability of an organism to cause an infection

A

Pathogenicity

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3
Q

How virulent is can just a small amount cause you to be sick so the strength of it

A

Virulence

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4
Q

How fast can it grow and overcome the bodies resources

A

Invasivness

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5
Q

Slow the growth of the bacteria but don’t totally kill it

Decreasing numbers means your own bodies immune system can fight off the rest

A

Bacteriostatic

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6
Q

Killing bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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7
Q

Setting up a group away from ones place of origin

The human body has areas that are sterile and areas that are _____ with microorganisms.

A

Colonized

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8
Q

Infection acquired by exposure to microbes in a health care setting

A

Health Care Acquired Infection (HAI)

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9
Q

Infection acquired by exposure to microbes in the community

A

Community acquired infection

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10
Q

This problem is made worse by the widespread use of antibiotics
Antibiotics can make the problem worse by killing populations of the bacteria that are sensitive to the drug
Mutations occur spontaneously and randomly
MRSA & VRE

A

Drug resistance

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11
Q

Vancomycin is an antibiotic often used after bacteria have become resistant to other, safer antibiotics, and it is most affective in treating…

A

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylcoccus aureus)

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12
Q

an allergic reaction to an injection of serum, typically mild and characterized by skin rashes, joint stiffness, and fever.

A

Serum sickness

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13
Q

sensitivity to one substance that renders an individual sensitive to other substances of similar chemical structure.

A

Cross sensitivity

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14
Q

Involves growing a microorganism in the lab

A

Culture

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15
Q

New infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection, usually a side effect of anti-infective therapy

A

Superinfection

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16
Q

This and CDAD (clostridium difficile associated diarrhea) are the most common forms of health care acquired diarrheal infections. potentially fatal. patients should be isolated.
Risk factors include the use of broad spectrum or high dose antibiotics
Symptoms include abdominal cramping, fever, blood & mucus in the stool, risk for dehydration

A

PMC (Pseudomembranous colitis)

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17
Q

Guidelines for preventing the spread of infection

A

Use the right drug for the infection
Only use the antibiotics when conditions seem to be necessary
Patients should take all the prescription

18
Q 
A highly contagious infection 
First invades the lungs
May stay dormant (no symptoms)
Manifestations of infection:
  productive cough
  hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
  night sweats
  fever, chills, fatigue 
Caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing bacillus
A

Tuberculosis

19
Q

This mycoses affects the scalp, skin, nails, and mucous membranes such as the oral cavity and vagina.
In most cases the fungus invades only the surface layers of these regions.
Often treated with topical drugs because the incidence rate is much lower with this route

A

Superficial mycoses (Fungal infection)

20
Q

This mycoses affects the internal organs, typically the lungs, brain, and digestive organs.
Much less common than superficial mycoses.
This infects multiple body systems and are sometimes fatal to patients with suppressed immune systems.
Requires aggressive oral or parenteral medications

A

Systemic mycoses (Fungal infection)

21
Q

Infection caused by caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
Profound immunosuppression results in infections and malignancies

A

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

22
Q

Antiretroviral drugs slow the growth of this causative agent for AIDS
Causes AIDS
Enters the cells and targets CD4 cells

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

23
Q 
Resistance to drugs is a problem
There is no cure
Diagnosis: rapid tests in ER or home
Another transmission is from mother to child
HIV1- United States
HIV2- Africa
A

HIV-AIDS

24
Q

a viral enzyme that converts the host RNA to viral DNA

A

Reverse transcriptase

25
Q

the measurement of the amount of HIV
RNA in the plasma
One of the two lab tests to guide pharmacotherapy of antiretroviral drugs

A

Viral load

26
Q

Drugs used to treat HIV infections

A

Antiretroviral

27
Q

Drug therapy for HIV infection that includes high doses of multiple medications given concurrently
Drugs must be taken for life
A mother is placed on this if diagnosed with HIV before the 14th week of pregnancy

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

28
Q

Any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease.
A combination of 2 drugs over a 4 week period

A

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)

29
Q

Goals for antiretroviral (treat HIV infections) therapy

A

(Therapy with antiretroviral is started when the CD4 T-cell count falls below 200 cells/mcL or when AIDS symptoms become apparent)

Improve survival and reduce morbidity
Improve quality of life
Restore and preserve immunologic function
Promote maximum suppression of viral load
Prevent transmission from mother to child

30
Q

viral infection characterized by acute symptoms that include sore throat, sneezing, coughing, fever, and chills

A

Influenza

31
Q

swelling, abnormal enlargement or mass, classified based on tissue of origins

A

Tumor

32
Q

Abnormal swelling or mass, the same as a tumor

A

Neoplasm

33
Q

NON CANCEROUS enlargement that stays in one place, slow growing

A

Benign tumor

34
Q

CANCEROUS enlargment, swelling, or mass

A

Malignant tumor

35
Q

An educated guess, the likely course of the disease

A

Prognosis

36
Q

The period when the cancer has responded to treatment and is under control

A

Remission

37
Q

Travel of cancer cells from their original site to a distant tissue

A

Metastasis

38
Q

The primary goal is to achieve a complete cure which means permanent removal of all cancer cells from the body
Tries to “poison” the cancer cells and leave the bodies own cells alone but that doesn’t usually happen

A

Chemotherapy

39
Q

Technique in which antineoplastics are administered after surgery or radiation to effect a cure
Give radiation treatment, surgery, sometimes given in combination

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy

40
Q

Form of cancer chemotherapy intended to alleviate symptoms rather than cure the disease
Mainly makes the patient just feel better but doesn’t cure the cancer

A

Palliation

41
Q

A disease characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer or carcinoma

42
Q

Adverse affects of low red blood cells counts (anemia)

A 
Fatigue
tired
SOB
petite
low BP
increased HR
cynosis

Pharmacology 218 (13 decks)

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