Pharmacology Exam 5 Drug List Flashcards
Normal serum albumin
TC: IV fluid replacement for hypovolemic shock
PC: Blood product, colloid
Action: increases the oncotic pressure of the blood
Use: to restore plasma volume (add volume into their vessels), increase BP
Side effects: fluid overload
Largest iv needle that you can
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
TC: drug for shock, low blood pressure states
PC: Vasopressor
Adrenergic agonist
Action: acts immediately on receptors in smooth muscle to increase BP
Use: shock, low blood pressure states
Side effect: continuously monitor BP, avoid extravasation (leaking into the tissues?)
Continuously monitor blood pressure
Code blue drug
Dopamine (Intropin)
TC: drug for shock PC: Inotropic drug Action: nonselective adrenergic agonist, makes heart pump stronger Use: hypotension, shock Side effect: headache, tachycardia Code blue drug
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
TC: drug for anaphylaxis and shock
PC: adrenergic agonist; vasopressor
Action: stimulates both alpha and beta receptors
Use: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma, helps with constricted airways
Side effect: increased heart rate and BP
Code blue
Procainamide (Pronestyl)
TC: Class 1A Antidysrhythmic
PC: sodium channel blocker
Action: blocks sodium ion channels and slows conduction
Use: treatment of life-threatening dysrhythmias
Side effect: N/V
Premature ventricular contraction- an extra beat (PVC)
Propranolol (Inderal)
TC: Class II antidysrhythmic
PC: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Action: blocks beta receptors
Use: Used in the treatment of fast heart rates that come from the top part of the heart
Adverse effects: hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, fatigue
Mnemonic: olol = bb = beta blocker
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
TC: Class III antidysrhythmic
PC: Potassium Channel Blockers
Action: Prolong the action potential and refractory period of the cardiac cycle
Use: Used for treatment of ventricular tachycardias (VT) & Atrial fibrillation
Adverse effects: pulmonary toxicity, bradycardia, visual disturbances
Verapamil (Calan)
TC: Class IV antidysrhythmic
PC: Calcium Channel Blockers
Action: Depress depolarization and decrease oxygen demand of the heart
Use: Used in the treatment of rapid heart rates in the top part of the heart (supraventricular)
Side effect: swelling, dizziness, some constipation
Should not stop calcium channel blockers suddenly
Angina
Adenosine (Adenocard)
TC: cardiac agent, diagnostic aid
PC: antidysrhythmic
Action: slow impulse formation in SA node and slows conduction through the AV node
Use: to treat supraventricular tachycardias (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)
Side effect: facial flushing
Heparin sodium
TC: anticoagulant
PC: indirect thrombin inhibitor
Action: binds to anti-thrombin III and inactivates several clotting factors, keeps it from getting bigger
Use: DVT, PE, MI
Given IQ and SQ (into the center of the abdomen), not taken at home
Side effect:
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Patients form clots in their legs and use up all their platelets, they clump and are spread out so they have a decrease in the number of platelets
2 types
Itching, bleeding, bruising when given SubQ into the abdomen
Reversal agent for heparin: protamine sulfate
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
TC: Low molecular weight heparin PC: anticoagulant, does not change aPtt Action: potentiates antithrombin III, inactivates clotting factor Xa Use: prevention of post-op DVT Side effect: injection site bruising Injected or IV
Warfarin (Coumadin)
TC: oral anticoagulant
PC: Vitamin K antagonist
Rat poisoning
Action: inhibits action of vitamin K so clotting factors are diminished
Uses: Treatment of venous thrombosis
Atrial fibrillation
Prevention of MI, stroke
Side effect: aspirin can increase risk of bleeding
Cabage, broccoli, etc, high in vitamin K so stay away from them
Reversal agent: Vitamin K (Mephyton)
Pregnancy category X
Frequent blood draws
PT and INR used to measure vitamin K
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
TC: thrombin inhibitor PC: anticoagulant Action: direct thrombin inhibitor Use: reduce risk of stroke, embolism in atrial fibrillation Side effect: dyspepsia (heartburn)
no blood work required
Clopidogrel (Plavix):
TC: antiplatelet drug
PC: ADP receptor blocker
Action: inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to receptor
Use: often used after MI or stroke to prevent a 2nd event stents, prevention of DVT
Side effect: flu-like symptoms, bleeding
Aspirin (ASA): 81 mg or 325 mg/day is antiplatelet dose
Alteplase (Activase):
TC: drug for dissolving clots that are formed
PC: thrombolytic
Action: converts plasminogen to plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots
Use: treatment of strokes, patency of IV catheters
Side effect: bleeding
No head injury, no one who is bleeding, no aspirin with it
Aminocaproic Acid (Amicar)
TC: clot stabilizer, we want them to clot
PC: Hemostatic
Action: inactivates plasminogen
Use: reduces postoperative bleeding, can lower BP a little bit
Side effect: use cautiously with patients with a history of clotting
Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)
TC: erythropoiesis-stimulating drug
PC: Erythropoietin
Action:
stimulates the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
stimulates the production of hemoglobin
Use: anemia related to chronic renal failure
Side effect: serious risk of clotting causing stroke, DVT, pulmonary embolus, heart attack
Red blood cells carry oxygen so athletes use this to increase their athletic performance/how much they can exercise
Cancer patients
Can admin subQ or IV but usually subQ
3 times a week
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
TC: drug for increasing neutrophil production
PC: Colony-stimulating factor
Action: stimulate the bone marrow to produce neutrophils
Use: to help the patient fight infection, white blood cells
Side effect: bone pain
When WBC count falls you’re at risk for infection
Can be treated with acetaminophen or an opioid
IV or SubQ
Monitor WBC count and for signs of infection
Cyanocobalamin
TC: drug for anemia PC: vitamin supplement Action: B 12 is essential for actively growing and dividing cells Use: for vitamin B12 deficiency Side effect: uncommon Treatment for anemia Pernicious anemia- cells don’t fully mature? Often subQ by injection Intranasal forms of the drug
Oral effective only if the patient has Intrinsic factor
Ferrous sulfate (Feosol)
TC: antianemic drug
PC: iron supplement
Action: replacement
Use: Iron deficiency anemia, GI bleeding pregnancy and menses
Should take on empty stomach, take about an hour before eating, but you can give it with food, just better on empty
NO MILK
Liquid forms of iron especially given to children can stain teeth so use a straw
Iron OD an issue
Side effect: nausea (common), severe poisoning in OD
Hepatitis B Vaccine
TC: Vaccine PC: Vaccine Action: stimulates the immune system Use: Given to provide active immunity in individuals who are at risk for Hepatitis B virus Side effect: pain at injection site Give most vaccines in the deltoid
Have epinephrine 1:1000 available in case of an anaphylactic reaction
Interferon alfa-2b
TC: Immunostimulant
PC: biologic response modifer
Action: attach to unaffected cells and protect them modulate the immune system
Use: cancers, viral infections such as HPV, hepatitis B & C
Side effects: flu-like syndrome, fatigue
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
TC: immunosuppressant
PC: calcineurin inhibitor
Action: inhibits helper T cells
Use: to prevent transplant rejection, psoriasis, Ulcerative colitis, dampen immune response
Side Effect: affects the kidneys, decrease in urine output ½ of the patients who take this drug will develop hypertension and tremor
PredniSONE (Deltasone)
Used for: autoimmune disorders shock head trauma allergies organ transplant
