Pharmacology and Medical Emergencies. Chapter 31. Test 2 Flashcards
Assigned Roles of dental staff during emergency
- Front desk staff will call 911 and stay on the phone.
- DA or dental hygienist will retrieve the oxygen unit and emergency drug kit.
- DDS, DA, or dental hygienist will remain with the pt to assist in assessment or with basic life support.
- Additional team members will respond to the needs of other patients in the office.
“Mock emergency” should be created ______so that dental team members can practice their roles, take on additional roles, and refine the office’s emergency plan.
monthly
Basic Life Support (Fundamental aspects)
- Immediate recognition of an emergency.
- Activation of the emergency response system.
- Early performance of high-quality CPR.
- Rapid defibrillation when appropriate.
- relief of a foreign-body airway obstruction
C-A-B
(Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing)
Note: earlier it was “A-B-C”
The rate of compression for an adult, child, or infant must be at least ______
100 compressions per minute
________is an abnormal, chaotic heart rhythm that prevents heart from pumping blood.
Ventricular Fibrillation. VF causes more cardiac arrests than are caused by any other rhythm. Is an abnormal chaotic heart rhythm that prevents the heart from pumping blood.
What objects are most likely inhaled in the dental office?
A crown, debris, or a tooth fragment
Most emergencies occur during or immediately after _____
the admin of local anesthesia or at the beginning of a procedure. Syncope- fainting- most common.
Signs & Symptoms of Syncope
Feeling of warmth or flushing (flushed)
*Nausea
*Rapid heart rate
*Perspiration
*Pallor (pale skin color)
*Lower blood pressure
Postural Hypotension
Emergency can occur when pt assumes an upright position too quickly.
Pts most affected are those who receive nitrous oxide or intravenous sedation and pregnant patients.
Postural hypotension is different than syncope.
The duration of unconsciousness is very brief, usually lasting only seconds to minutes.
Signs and symptoms include:
*Low blood pressure
*Altered state of consciousness to possible loss of consciousness
Responding to Syncope
Place the patient in a subsupine position with the head lower than the feet.
Known as Trendelenburg position.
Have an ammonia inhalant ready to administer by waving it under the patient’s nose several times.
For a pregnant woman:
While in a supine position, the pregnant patient may feel dizzy or lightheaded and may faint
Results from pressure of enlarged uterus on abdominal veins
In contrast to the procedure for postural hypotension, the pt should be turned on her left side
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Chest pain ranging from mild to severe.
-Pain in the left arm, the jaw, and the teeth.
-Shortness of breath and sweating.
-Nausea and vomiting.
-Pressure, aching, or burning feeling of indigestion.
-Generalized feeling of weakness.
Responding to the patient who is experiencing a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
FAST
F - Face Drooping. Ask the person to smile.
A - Arm weakness. If one arm weak or numb. Ask the person to raise both arms.
S - Speech difficulty. The person is unable to speak or hard to understand.
T - Time to call 9-1-1. If someone shows any of these symptoms, even if the symptoms go away.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperventilation
- Rapid, shallow breathing.
-Light-headedness.
-Tightness in the chest.
-Rapid heartbeat.
-Lump in the throat.
-Panic-stricken appearance.
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma Attack
- Coughing.
-Wheezing.
-Increased anxiety.
-Pallor.
-Cyanosis (bluish skin around the nails).
-Increased pulse rate.
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
- Feeling physically ill.
-Nausea and vomiting.
-Shortness of breath.
-Heart arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats).
-Sudden drop in blood pressure.
-Loss of consciousness.
Phases of Grand mal seizure:
Phase 1: Aura
Phase 2: Loss of consciousness
Phase 3: Muscle contractions
Phase 4: Sleep/recovery
The four phases of a grand mal seizure can last from 10 to 30 minutes.
Signs and Symptoms of Generalized Seizure
- Unconsciousness.
-Increased body temperature.
-Rapid heart rate.
-Increased blood pressure.
Signs and Symptoms of Partial Seizure
- Intermittent blinking.
-Mouth movements.
-Blank stare.
-Not responsive to surroundings; seems to be in his or her “own world”.
Symptoms of Hyperglycemia
- Excessive urination.
- Excessive thirst, dry mouth, and dry skin.
-Acetone breath (fruity smell).
-Blurred vision and headache.
-Rapid pulse.
-Lower blood pressure.
-Loss of consciousness.
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
- Mood changes.
-Hunger.
-Perspiration.
-Increased anxiety.
-Possible unconsciousness.
Basic Emergency kit. Oxygen: Brand or common name/Use/Route
NA/Respiratory distress/Inhaled
Basic Emergency kit. Amonia inhalant: Brand or common name/Use/Route
Spirits of ammonia/Syncope/Inhaled
Basic Emergency kit. Epineprine: Brand or common name/Use/Route/dosage
Autoinjector EpiPen/Allergic reaction/IM, IV, subcutaneous/Adult 0.3 mg, Pediatric 0.15 mg
Basic Emergency kit. Diphenhydramine: Brand or common name/Use/Route
Benadryl/Allergic reaction/IV, deep IM
Basic Emergency kit. Nitroglycerin (tablet/spray) : Brand or common name/Use/Route
Nitrostat/Angina/Sublingually
Basic Emergency kit. Albuterol: Brand or common name/Use/Route
Ventolin/Bronchospasm, asthma/Inhaled
Basic Emergency kit. Aspirin: Brand or common name/Use/Route
Bayer/Myocardial infarction/Orally
Basic Emergency kit. Oral glucose (gel/orange juice concentrate): Brand or common name/Use/Route
Glucose/Hypoglycemia/Orally
Basic Emergency kit. Naloxone: Brand or common name/Use/Route
Narcan/Opioid overdose/Nasal spray
