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Dental Assisting > Dental Anatomy. Chapter 11. Test 2 > Flashcards

Dental Anatomy. Chapter 11. Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two sets of teeth that people have in their life.

A

the primary dentition (deciduous [dɪˈsɪdjʊəs] dentition) and the permanent dentition.

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2
Q

How many teeth are in each dentition?

A

The first set of 20 primary teeth is called the primary dentition, commonly referred to as the “baby teeth”.
The permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary teeth, or “adult teeth”.

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3
Q

What is the term for the four sections of the divided dental arches?

A

Quadrants

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4
Q

What are the terms for the front teeth and the back teeth?

A

Teeth are classified as being anterior (toward the front) or posterior (toward the back).
The anterior teeth are the incisors and canines.
The posterior teeth are the premolars and molars.

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5
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A

The permanent dentition is divided into four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

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6
Q

Which tooth is referred to as the “cornerstone” of the dental arch?

A

the canine

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7
Q

What are the five surfaces of the teeth?

A
  1. facial surface (also referred to as labial surface) and buccal surface
  2. lingual surface and palatal surface
  3. The masticatory surface is the chewing surface. Incisal surface (or incisal edge) for anterior teeth and occlusal surface for posterior teeth.
  4. mesial surface
  5. distal surface
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8
Q

the surface of anterior teeth facing the lips.

A

facial surface (also referred to as labial surface)

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9
Q

the facial surfaces of posterior teeth closest to the inner cheek.

A

buccal surface

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10
Q

the surface on all mandibular and maxillary teeth facing the tongue.

A

lingual surface

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11
Q

the lingual surface of maxillary teeth because that surface is near the palate.

A

palatal surface

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12
Q

the chewing surface of anterior teeth

A

Incisal surface (or incisal edge)

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13
Q

the chewing surface on posterior teeth

A

occlusal surface

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14
Q

a proximal surface of a tooth that is facing toward the midline or front of the mouth.

A

mesial surface

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15
Q

a proximal surface of a tooth that is facing away from the midline or toward the back of the mouth.

A

distal surface

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16
Q

What is the name for the space between adjacent teeth?

A

Interproximal space.

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17
Q

What is the name of the triangular space toward the gingiva between adjacent teeth?

A

embrasure [ɪmˈbreɪʒə].

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18
Q

What is the term for the junction of two tooth surfaces?

A

Junctions of the crown surfaces are described as line angles and point angles.
A line angle is formed by the junction of two surfaces and derives its name from the combination of the two surfaces that join.
A point angle is that angle formed by the junction of three surfaces at one point.

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19
Q

What is the name for a third of the tooth nearest the end of the root?

A

Apical

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20
Q

What is the name for the position of the teeth when they are in chewing movements?

A

Functional occlusion (physiologic occlusion) is the term used to describe contact of the teeth during biting and chewing movements.

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21
Q

What is the term for teeth that are in poor occlusion?

A

Malocclusion refers to abnormal or malpositioned relationships of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth when they are in centric occlusion.

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22
Q

What is the technical term for class III malocclusion?

A

Mesioclusion. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the interdental space between the distal cusp of the mandibular first permanent molar and the mesial cusp of the mandibular second permanent molar.

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23
Q

What classification is neutroclusion?

A

Class I. An ideal mesiodistal relationship exists between the jaws and the dental arches. The mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occludes with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandible first molar.
Class I may include the situation in which the anterior or individual teeth are malaligned in their position in the arch. However, the relationship of the permanent first molar determine the classification.

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24
Q

What is the name for the curve of the occlusal plane?

A
  • The curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion is known as the curve of Spee.
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25
Q

During the early eruption of all teeth of both dentitions, a thin residue [ˈrezɪdjuː] of epithelium tissue called the

A

Nasmyth’s membrane may form over the crown of the teeth

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26
Q

Mixed dentition generally occurs between the ages

A

6 and 12 years

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27
Q

The mixed dentition period begins with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, which is a …

A

permanent mandibular first molar

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28
Q

The permanent dentition includes eruption of all the permanent teeth, except for

A

teeth that are congenitally [kənˈʤenɪtlɪ] (from the time of birth) missing or impacted and cannot erupt (usually the third molars).

29
Q

The mandibular arch (lower) is capable of movement through the action of …

A

the temporomandibular joint

30
Q

What is the other name for premolars?

A

bicuspids [baɪˈkʌspɪds]

31
Q

Sometimes it is necessary to divide the dentition into six parts, each called

A

a sextant [ˈsekstənt]

32
Q

The primary dentition has:

A

8 Incisors (4 central and 4 lateral)
4 Canines
8 Molars (4 first molars and 4 second molars)
There are no premolars in the primary dentition

33
Q

In the Universal/National System, the primary teeth are lettered with capital letters ….

A

from A through T

34
Q

Characteristic of Incisors

A

Single-rooted teeth with relatively sharp, thin edges. Designed to cut food without the application of heavy force. The tongue side, or lingual surface, of the incisor is shaped like a shovel to help guide food into the mouth

35
Q

Types of incisors:

A

central and lateral incisors

36
Q

Characteristic of canines

A

Canine teeth are also known as cuspids
They are located at the “corners” of the arch
The canines are designed for cutting and tearing food
They are the longest teeth in the human dentition
Canine teeth have the longest roots of all teeth and are usually the last teeth to be lost

37
Q

Why are canines called “canines”?

A

These teeth in dogs are designed for tearing food or protecting themselves.

38
Q

Characteristic of premolars

A

There are four maxillary and four mandibular premolars
The premolars, also known as bicuspids (2 cusps), are a cross between canines and molars
The pointed buccal cusps hold the food while the lingual cusps grind it
The premolars are not as long as canines and also have a broader surface made for chewing food

39
Q

Characteristic of molars

A

Molars are much larger than premolars and usually have four or more cusps
The function of the 12 molars is to chew or grind food.
Maxillary and mandibular molars differ greatly from each other in shape, size, and numbers of cusps and roots

40
Q

Occlusion

A

The relationship between the maxillary and mandible teeth when the upper and lower jaws are in fully closed position. Occlusion also refers to the relationship between the teeth in the same arch.
Occlusion develops in a child as the primary teeth erupt.

41
Q

Three anatomical features of teeth:

A

Contours
Contacts
Embrasures

42
Q

Why do teeth have anatomical features?

A

The anatomical features of the teeth help maintain their position in the arch and to protect the tissue during mastication.

43
Q

convex
[ˈkɒnvɛks]

A

выпуклый. Curvature. The maxillary arch forms a curved plane that appears convex (curved outward, like the outside of a bowl).

44
Q

concave
[ˈkɒnkeɪv]

A

вогнутый. Curvature. Teeth of the mandibular arch form a slightly curved plane, which appears concave (curved inward, like the inside of a bowl).

45
Q

When the teeth do not touch one another, it is called

A

an open contact.

46
Q

The height of contour is

A

the “bulge” [bʌlʤ], or widest point, on a specific surface of the crown. Contact areas on the mesial and distal surfaces are usually considered the height of contour on the proximal surfaces. Facial and lingual surfaces also have a height of contour

47
Q

retention
[rɪˈtenʃn]

A

удержание, сохранение

48
Q

embrasures

A

When two teeth in the same arch touch, their curvatures next to the contact areas form spaces called embrasures
An embrasure is a triangular space in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact
Embrasures are continuous with the interproximal spaces between the teeth.

49
Q

The root of the tooth is divided crosswise into thirds:

A
  • the apical third (nearest the tip of the root
  • middle third
  • cervical third (nearest the neck of the tooth)
50
Q

The crown of the tooth is divided into thirds in three divisions:

A

Occlusocervical division, Mesiodistal division, and buccolingual division

51
Q

Occlusocervical division

A

The crosswise division parallel to the occlusal or incisal surface. The occlusocervical division consists of:
- occlusal (incisal) third
- middle third
- cervical third

52
Q

Mesiodistal division

A

The lengthwise division in a mesiodistal (front-to-back) direction. The mesiodistal division consists of:
- mesial [ˈmiːzɪəl] third
- middle third
- distal third

53
Q

Buccolingual division

A

The lengthwise division in a labial or buccal-lingual directions. The buccolingual division consists of:
- facial or buccal/labial third
- middle third
- lingual third

54
Q

Centric occlusion

A

Occurs when jaws are closed in a position that produces maximal stable contact between occluding surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth

55
Q

Why is centric occlusion important?

A

this positioning allows for the effective grinding of food. Centric occlusion widely distributes occlusal forces and affords the greatest comfort and stability.

56
Q

Angle’s classification system

A

it was developed by Dr. Edward. H. Angle to describe and classify occlusion and malocclusion. The basis of this system is that the permanent first molar is the key to occlusion. Angle’s system assumes that the patient is occluding in a centric position.

57
Q

Class II Malocclusion

A

Distoclusion. Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes (by more than the width of a premolar) mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of mandibular first molar.
Frequently gives the appearance of protrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth over the mandibular anterior teeth.
The major group of class II malocclusion has two subgroups—division 1 and division 2—that are based on the position of the anterior teeth, the shape of the palate, and the resulting profile.

58
Q

What does labioversion mean?

A

It’s Class II (Distoclusion). Division 1. The upper lip appears short and drawn up over the protruding anterior teeth of the maxillary arch.
The maxillary incisors are in labioversion. Labioversion is the inclination of the teeth to extend facially beyond the normal overlap of the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors.

59
Q

What does linguoversion mean?

A

It’s Class II (Distoclusion). Division 2. Linguoversion refers to the position of the maxillary incisors behind the mandibular incisors. Typically, the maxillary incisors slightly overlap the front of the mandibular incisors.

60
Q

Closure

A

Anterior teeth are not designed to fully support the occlusal forces on the entire dental arch
As the jaws close, the stronger posterior teeth come together first

61
Q

How is the downward curvature of the arc defined?

A

The curve of Wilson is the cross-arch curvature of the posterior occlusal plane. The downward curvature of the arc is defined by a line drawn across the occlusal surface of the left mandibular first molar. Extending across the arch and through the occlusal surface of the right mandibular first molar.

62
Q

Palmer Notation System

A

Each of the four quadrants is given its own tooth bracket made up of a vertical line and a horizontal line
The teeth in the right quadrant would have the vertical midline bracket to the right of the tooth numbers or letters, just as when one is looking at the patient.
The number or letter assigned to each tooth depends on its position relative to the midline.
For example, central incisors, the teeth closest to the midline, have the lowest number, 1, for permanent teeth and the letter A for primary teeth.

63
Q

Universal/National System of tooth numbering

A

Used most often in the United States
Permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 32
Numbering begins with the upper-right third molar (tooth # 1) and works around to the upper-left third molar (tooth # 16).
Then numbering drops to the lower-left third molar (tooth # 17) and works around to lower-right third molar (tooth # 32).

64
Q

How are the primary teeth numbered (Universal/National System?)

A

Universal/National System. The primary teeth are lettered with capital letters from A to T. Lettering begins with the upper right second primary molar (tooth A), works around to the upper left second primary molar (tooth J), drops to the lower left second primary molar (tooth K), and works around to the lower right second primary molar (tooth T).

65
Q

International Standards Organization System (ISO)

A

The ISO/FDI System uses a two-digit tooth-recording system.
First digit indicates the quadrant.
Second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant, with numbering from the midline toward the posterior.
P.S. Quadrant of primary teeth starts from 5 through 8.

66
Q

The permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth are called…

A

succedaneous teeth

67
Q

Area of the mesial or distal surface of a tooth that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch

A

contact area

68
Q

What is the area where adjacent teeth physically touch called

A

contact area

Dental Assisting (3 decks)

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