Microbiology and Infection Control. Chapters 24, 25. Test 2

Question 1

Consists of bacterial cells and other microbes that adhere to surfaces and form a protective slime layer.

Answer 1

biofilm

Question 2

What minimize the risk of “backflow” (“suck back”)?

Answer 2

The installation of an antiretraction device on dental units along with thorough routine flushing of DUWLs.
The antiretraction device is a mechanism that prevents entry of fluids and microorganisms into waterlines as a result of negative water pressure.

Question 3

Two types of microbial communities have been found in DUWLs:

Answer 3

planktonic (free-floating in salt water or fresh water) microbes found in the water itself and microbes attached to the inside walls of the waterlines called biofilm.
Note: Viruses, such as the HIV, cannot multiply within the DUWL.

Question 4

A container that attached to a dental unit that is used to hold and supply water or other solutions to handpieces and air-water syringes.

Answer 4

self-contained water reservoir

Question 5

Chemicals can be used to help control biofilm in two ways:

Answer 5

1. Periodic or “shock” treatment with biocidal levels (levels that will kill microorganisms) of chemicals.
2. Continuous application of chemicals to the system (at biocidal levels but not levels that harm human).
   Chemical treatments must be provided routinely, usually once a week.

Question 6

All DUWLs and handpiece lines should be flushed every morning for____ and for___ to____after each patient treatment.

Answer 6

2 minutes/20 seconds/30 seconds.
Note: Flushing will not remove biofilm from the lines.

Question 7

bacteria that use organic carbon as food; protozoa, fungi, and most bacteria fall into the category

Answer 7

heterotrophic bacteria

Question 8

Study of people in their work environment, and how to prevent injuries.

Answer 8

Ergonomics. From the Greek ergon, meaning “work”, and nomos, meaning “law”.
The goal of ergonomics is to help people stay healthy while performing their work more effectively.

Question 9

What types of disorders are considered to be musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)?

Answer 9

These are painful conditions that affect both muscles and bones, such as neck or back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 10

There are three categories of risk factors that contribute to MSDs:

Answer 10

posture, repetition, and force

Question 11

The position of the body to maintain for a prolonged curvature, with a natural curvature of the spine.

Answer 11

neutral position. Your legs should be separated with your feet flat on the floor when you are working as an operator or administrative assistant - or they should be flat on the footrest of the assistant’s stool when you are assisting. Your back should be pressed against the back of the chair for lumbar support. Your hips should lean forward to rotate the pelvis backward.

Question 12

Injuries caused by extreme stretching of muscles or ligaments

Answer 12

strains

Question 13

injuries caused by sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint with stretching or tearing ligaments

Answer 13

sprains

Question 14

reach created by a sweep of the forearm with the upper arm held at the side.

Answer 14

normal horizontal reach

Question 15

Keep the operative light within a safe…..

Answer 15

maximum vertical reach - that is, the reach created by a vertical sweep of your forearm while your elbow is kept at the mid-torso level.

Question 16

Other supplies used less frequently should be placed within….

Answer 16

maximum horizontal reach - that is, the reach created when your upper arm is fully extended.

Question 17

painful conditions that result from ongoing stresses to muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

Answer 17

cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs)

Question 18

condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm associated with continued flexion and extension of the wrist.

Answer 18

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Inside the tunnel and nine flexor tendons and the median nerve.

Question 19

fleshy mound on the palm at the base of the thumb

Answer 19

thenar eminence

Question 20

gloves designed to be worn on either hand

Answer 20

ambidextrous gloves

Question 21

What factors increase the risk for carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 21

Repetitive and forceful motion can lead to CTS.
Other repetitive hand and wrist movements, such as knitting, gardening, or using a keyboard, also may cause CTS. Patients who are pregnant, taking oral contraceptives, or given a diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis may be more prone to develop CTS.
Gloves that are too tight can cause circulation problems to your fingers and hands as well as place pressure on the carpal tunnel across the wrist.