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MSK > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what are arthritic drugs?

A

NSAIDs, DMARDs, Biologics, Corticosteroids

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2
Q

name examples of NSAIDs

A

ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, cox-2 inhibitors

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3
Q

what are the mode of action for NSAIDs

A

anti-inflammatory- block inflammatory pathways

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4
Q

what are NSAIDs used for in MSK?

A

inflammatory arthritis

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5
Q

common GI NSAID side effects

A

dyspepsia, oesophagitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer

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6
Q

what are common DMARDs

A

methotrexate, sulfasalzine, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine

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7
Q

what is the difference between DMARDs/ NSAIDs

A

DMARDs are slow acting anti inflammatories

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8
Q

____ is a foliate antagonist?

A

methotrexate

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9
Q

what are DMARDs used for?

A

inflammatory arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, connective tissue disease, vasculitis

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10
Q

which DMARD is typically used for SLE?

A

HCQ (hydroxychloroquine)

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11
Q

what is the main contraindication for DMARDs?

A

teratogenic- must be stopped 3 months pre-conception

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12
Q

T/F: DMARDs have small effect on leucocytes and RBCs

A

F: they cause leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

sulfasalize is contraindicated in men with…

A

fertility issues as causes oligozoospermia

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14
Q

what are examples of ‘biologics’?

A

rituximab, infliximab

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15
Q

how do biologics work?

A

target specific aspects of immune system

e.g. rituximab- monoclonal AB against B-cells

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16
Q

what are biologics used for?

A

RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis

- usually a 2nd line or adjunct

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17
Q

when should biologics Rx be stopped in pregnancy?

A

3rd trimester

18
Q

when are biologics considered for tx?

A

when DMARDs fail and high disease activity

19
Q

what is the main example of corticosteroids?

A

prednisolone

20
Q

how do corticosteroids work?

A

block the synthesis of inflammatory proteins through suppression of genes that encode them

21
Q

what are corticosteroids used for

A

connective tissue disease, polymyalgia, GCA, vasculitis, RA

22
Q

main side effects of corticosteroids?

A

wt gain, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, osteoporosis

23
Q

what should be prescribed along with potent steroids?

A

steroid-sparing agents

24
Q

what are two drug groups used for metabolic bone disease e.g. osteoporosis?

A

bisphosphonates and zoledronic acid

25
Q

examples of bisphosphonates?

A

alendronate, risendronate

26
Q

how do bisphosphonates work?

A

analogues of pyrophosphate that adsorb onto bone matrix.

27
Q

what are bisphosphonates used for?

A

osteoporosis

28
Q

what is odd about Zoledronic acid?

A

it is given IV once a year.

29
Q

what are the drug classes for gout tx?

A

anti-gout agents, urate lowering agents, uricosurics

30
Q

what is an anti-gout agent?

A

colchicine

31
Q

how do anti-gout medicines work?

A

block mitosis at the metaphase part of the cell cycle by binding to tubulin

32
Q

T/F: anti-gout agents are used for chronic GOUT?

A

F: used for Acute GOUT

33
Q

colchicine can cause _____

A

diarrhoea

34
Q

urate lowering drug examples?

A

allopurinol, febuxostat

35
Q

how doe Urate-lowering drugs work?

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors

36
Q

Urate-lowering drugs are used for ____

A

prophylaxis of GOUT

37
Q

T/F: Urate Lowering Drugs must not be given with lisinopril

A

F: shouldn’t be given with azathioprine

38
Q

patients with ischaemic heart disease are a contraindication for…

A

febuxostat (rate lowering drug)

39
Q

what are examples of uricosurics?

A

probenecid, sulphinpyrazone

40
Q

how do uricosurics act?

A

promote excretion of uric acid via urine

41
Q

uricosurics are used for ____ GOUT

A

prophylaxis

MSK (26 decks)

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