O: Adult Foot & Ankle

Question 1

what does tibialis posterior dysfunction often cause and why?

Answer 1

pes planus as serves to support medial arch of foot

Question 2

risk factors of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

Answer 2

obese women, flat foot association, HT/ diabetes, steroid injections, seronegative arthropathies, idiopathic tendinitis

Question 3

what are the 3 classes of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

Answer 3

T1, T2, T3

Question 4

s/s of tibialis posterior dysfunction?

Answer 4

pain, swelling posterior to middle malleolus, change in foot shape, diminished walking ability, dislike for uneven surfaces, hallux valgus

Question 5

mx for tibialis posterior dysfunction?

Answer 5

physio, insoles/ orthoses, surgery

Question 6

outline pes planus and pes Cavus

Answer 6

pes planus: flat feet, 20% of population affected

pes Cavus: high arched feet, tends to be neurological, surgery and physio

Question 7

what is hallux valgus?

Answer 7

big toe migrates laterally

Question 8

epi of hallux valgus?

Answer 8

bilateral, 3F:1M, most common foot & ankle pathology

Question 9

aetiology of hallux valgus?

Answer 9

congenital or presentation later in life= shoes, RA, general jt laxity

Question 10

mx of hallux valgus?

Answer 10

orthotics, operative

- indications: ulcers, lifestyle affects, failure of non-surgical

Question 11

what is the method for surgical repair of hallux valgus?

Answer 11

Scarf & Akin method (break and realign)

Question 12

common complications of hallux valgus?

Answer 12

pain, cosmesis, bunions, hallux rigidus

Question 13

what is metatarsalgia aetiology ?

Answer 13

trauma, high heels, hammer toes, RA

Question 14

s/s of metatarsalgia?

Answer 14

ball of foot is sore to wt bare

Question 15

hallux rigidus is…

Answer 15

OA of 1st MTPJ, presents with painful big toe

Question 16

how common is it for people with RA to have rheumatoid foot?

Answer 16

90% of people

Question 17

types of rheumatoid foot?

Answer 17

forefoot: hammer toe deformity, MT head pressure causes pain
Hindfoot: medial arch collapse
dorsal: ulcers form

Question 18

mx for rheumatoid foot?

Answer 18

shoes, podiatrist, surgery rare

Question 19

what causes claw, hammer, mallet toes?

Answer 19

acquired imbalance between flexors and extensors of tendons

Question 20

common signs of clay, hammer, mallet toes?

Answer 20

callous corns + skin breakdown, may occur with spina bifida

Question 21

mx for hammer, mallet toes?

Answer 21

tenotomies (division of tendons), tendon transfer, fusion