O: Infections

Question 1

what is osteomyelitis

Answer 1

infection of bone and medullary cavity

Question 2

aetiology of acute osteomyelitis?

Answer 2

trauma (open fracture), immunosuppression

Question 3

spread of osteomyelitis?

Answer 3

haemotegenous: common in kids, PWIDs, central lines

contiguous

Question 4

main site for osteomyelitis?

Answer 4

long bones

Question 5

what are the causative organisms of osteomyelitis?

Answer 5

staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

staph a and haemophilus are causes for which type of osteomyelitis?

Answer 6

acute

Question 7

fractures usually result in which organism induced osteomyelitis?

Answer 7

gram -ve bacilli, anaerobes

Question 8

s/s of osteomyelitis?

Answer 8

localised bone pain, fever, erythema, 5 signs of inflammation on bone

Question 9

main ix for osteomyelitis?

Answer 9

MRI

Question 10

full ix lineup for osteomyelitis?

Answer 10

MRI imaging, CRP, bone biopsy gold standard

Question 11

mx for chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 11

debride, drain and give abx

Question 12

mx for acute osteomyelitis?

Answer 12

6 week abx (2 weeks IV, 4 weeks oral)

Question 13

which abx given IV for osteomyelitis?

Answer 13

flucloxacillin/ teicoplanin

Question 14

what are the 3 types of muscle infection?

Answer 14

pyomyositis, myonecrosis, myosistitis

Question 15

causative organisms for pyomyositis?

Answer 15

staph a

Question 16

causative organisms for myosistitis

Answer 16

viral- HIV, influenza, CMV, Dengue

Question 17

s/s of muscle infection?

Answer 17

disproportionate pain to clinical findings

Question 18

mx of muscle infections?

Answer 18

debride, abx

Question 19

where is tetanus still prevalent?

Answer 19

developing world

Question 20

microorganism responsible for tetanus?

Answer 20

clostridium tetani

Question 21

T/F: c.tetani is gram -ve aerobic bacilli

Answer 21

F: gram +ve anaerobic bacilli

Question 22

what are s/s of tetanus?

Answer 22

spastic paralysis, locked jaw, risus sardonicus

Question 23

mx of tetanus?

Answer 23

broad spec abx, antitoxins, debridement of wound

Question 24

why is tetanus not prevalent in UK

Answer 24

vaccine prevention

Question 25

main 2 soft tissue infections?

Answer 25

cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis

Question 26

what abx are given to treat cellulitis?

Answer 26

flucloxacillin, benzylpenicillin

Question 27

what are 2 characteristic findings of someone with necrotising fasciitis?

Answer 27

bubble-wrap sensation to skin, gas on x-ray