O: Infections Flashcards
what is osteomyelitis
infection of bone and medullary cavity
aetiology of acute osteomyelitis?
trauma (open fracture), immunosuppression
spread of osteomyelitis?
haemotegenous: common in kids, PWIDs, central lines
contiguous
main site for osteomyelitis?
long bones
what are the causative organisms of osteomyelitis?
staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes
staph a and haemophilus are causes for which type of osteomyelitis?
acute
fractures usually result in which organism induced osteomyelitis?
gram -ve bacilli, anaerobes
s/s of osteomyelitis?
localised bone pain, fever, erythema, 5 signs of inflammation on bone
main ix for osteomyelitis?
MRI
full ix lineup for osteomyelitis?
MRI imaging, CRP, bone biopsy gold standard
mx for chronic osteomyelitis
debride, drain and give abx
mx for acute osteomyelitis?
6 week abx (2 weeks IV, 4 weeks oral)
which abx given IV for osteomyelitis?
flucloxacillin/ teicoplanin
what are the 3 types of muscle infection?
pyomyositis, myonecrosis, myosistitis
causative organisms for pyomyositis?
staph a
causative organisms for myosistitis
viral- HIV, influenza, CMV, Dengue
s/s of muscle infection?
disproportionate pain to clinical findings
mx of muscle infections?
debride, abx
where is tetanus still prevalent?
developing world
microorganism responsible for tetanus?
clostridium tetani
T/F: c.tetani is gram -ve aerobic bacilli
F: gram +ve anaerobic bacilli
what are s/s of tetanus?
spastic paralysis, locked jaw, risus sardonicus
mx of tetanus?
broad spec abx, antitoxins, debridement of wound
why is tetanus not prevalent in UK
vaccine prevention
main 2 soft tissue infections?
cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis
what abx are given to treat cellulitis?
flucloxacillin, benzylpenicillin
what are 2 characteristic findings of someone with necrotising fasciitis?
bubble-wrap sensation to skin, gas on x-ray
