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Step 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

In first order kinetics, a drug infused at a constant rate takes about _______ half-lives to reach s-s.

A

4-5

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2
Q

Symbol for bioavailability?

A

F

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3
Q

What are some eg’s of drugs w/zero-order elimination?

A

PEA (shaped like a zero)
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin

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4
Q

What are the reactions of phase I drug metabolism vs. phase II.

A

Phase I: reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis via Cyp450 (yield slightly polar, water soluble metabolites)

Phase II: Conjugation (methylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation- very polar, inactive metabolites)

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5
Q

Do elderly pts lose phase I or II of drug metabolism first?

A

Phase I

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6
Q

What defines the therapeutic index? (‘TITE’)

A

Median toxic dose (TD50) / median effective dose (ED50)

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7
Q

Is higher or lower therapeutic index better?

A

Higher (takes more drug to cause toxicity, and less drug for it to be effective)

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8
Q

What to all presynaptic ANS neurons use as their first NT?

A

ACh- Nicotinic-N (for parasymp & symp)

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9
Q

What is the post-synaptic NT that parasymp neurons use?

A

ACh- muscarinic

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of post-synaptic symp NT’s that are released?

A

NE (a1, a2, B1)
DA (D1)
ACh- muscarinic

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11
Q

What tissues receive the muscarinic ACh post-synaptic NT’s in the symp NS?

A

Sweat glands (only)

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12
Q

What tissues receive the dopaminergic post-synaptic NT’s in the symp NS?

A

Renal vasculature & smooth muscle

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13
Q

What tissues receive the NE post-synaptic NT’s in the symp NS?

A

Everything besides sweat glands, renal vasculature: cardic & smooth muscle, glands, cells, nerve terminals

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14
Q

After a pre-synaptic symp nerve interaction w/the adrenal medulla, what 2 NT’s are released?

A

NE (a1, a2, B1)

Epi (a1, a2, B1, B2)

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15
Q

What NT is released in the NMJ for voluntary motor nerves, directly from the sc?

A

ACh (to nicotinic-M receptors)

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16
Q

Actions of symp a1 besides vascular smooth m. contraction?

A

Increased pupillary dilator m. contraction (mydriasis)

Increased intestinal & bladder sphincter contraction

17
Q

Actions of symp a2 besides decreased symp (adrenergic) outflow?

A

Decreased insulin release
Decreased lipolysis
Increased platelet aggregation
Decreased aqueous humor production

18
Q

Actions of symp B1 besides increased HR/contractility/renin?

A

Increased lipolysis

19
Q

Actions of symp B2 besides vasodilation/bronchodilation?

A 
Increased lipolysis
Increased insulin release
Decreased uterine tone (tocolysis)
Ciliary muscle relaxation
Increased aqueous humor production
20
Q

What does symp B3 do?

A

Increases lipolysis, increased thermogenesis in SkM

21
Q

What are the actions of parasymp muscarinic stimulation?

A

Decreased HR and contractility of atria
Increased exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, salivary, sweat, gastric acid)
Increased gut peristalsis
Increased bladder contraction
Bronchoconstriction
Increased pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis)
Ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)

22
Q

What are the effects of the D1 receptor stimulation?

A

Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

23
Q

What are the effects of the D2 receptor stimulation?

A

Modulations transmitter release, esp. in brain

24
Q

What are the effects of the H1 receptor stimulation?

A 
Increased nasal and bronchial mucus secretions
Increased vascular permeability
Bronchiolar contraction
Pruritis
Pain
25
Q

What are the effects of the H2 receptor stimulation?

A

Increased gastric acid secretion

26
Q

What are the effects of V1 (vasopressin) receptor stimulation?

A

Increased vascular smooth m. contraction

27
Q

What are the effects of V2 (vasopressin) receptor stimulation?

A

Increased H2O permeability and reabsorption in the collecting tubules of kidney

(V2 is found in the 2 kidneys)

28
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the G-protein class of symp, parasymp, da, histamine, and vasopressin receptors?

A

after QISSeS, u get a QIQ out of SIQ SQS

SQS = super kinky sex

Symp = QISSeS
Muscarinic = QIQ
Dopamine = SI
Histamine = QS
Vasopressin = QS
29
Q

Fenoldopam: MoA?

Uses?

A

D1 agonist

Post-op HTN, hypertensive crisis (beware hypotension/rebound tachyardia)

30
Q

Mododrine MoA?

A

a1 agonist

31
Q

When do you use penicillamine?

A

Cu OD

32
Q

1st aid mnemonic for CYP450 inducers? (mnemonic only)

A

Chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen, Never Refusing Greasy Carbs

33
Q

My mnemonic for CYP450 substrates? (mnemonic + drugs, 4)

A

The OC’s anti-War:

Theophylline
OCP’s
Anti-epileptics
Warfarin

34
Q

1st aid mnemonic for CYP450 inhibitors? (mnemonic only)

A

AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine

35
Q

What are the inducers of “Chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen, Never Refusing Greasy Carbs”?

A 
Chronic alcohol
St. John's wort
Phenytoin
Phenobarbitol
Nevirapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamezapine
36
Q

What are the inhibitors of “AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine”?

A 
Acute alcohol abuse
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Cimetidine/ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Sulfanamides
INH
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine
Macrolides (except azithromycin)
37
Q

What are the sulfa drugs?

A

“Scary Sulfa Pharm FACTS”

Sulfonamide abx
Sulfasalazine
Probenecid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfanylureas

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