GI Flashcards
Define the embryological parameters of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
- Foregut: pharynx to duodenum (celiac a. also supplies lower esophagus, liver, GB, pancreas, spleen (mesoderm))
- Midgut: duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
- Hindgut: Distal 1/3 transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line
Give the detailed version of the SAD PUCKER mnemonic.
Suprarenal glands Aorta + IVC Duodenum (2nd-4th parts) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (descending, ascending) Kidneys Esophagus (thoracic portion) Rectum (partially)
(Retroperitoneal structures that are GI lack a mesentery)
Intraperitoneal organs are surrounded by a(n) __________, while retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by a(n) ___________.
Serosa (intra), adventitia (retro)
“must be advanced to survive retroperitoneally”
What are the basal electrical rhythms (slow waves), in waves/min, of the stomach, duodenum, and ileum?
Stomach = 3 Duodenum = 12 Ileum = 8-9
Which part of the guy contains Bruner’s glands?
Duodenum (secretes HCO3- to combat stomach’s acidity)
Which parts of the gut contain crypts?
From duodenum to colon (but colon lacks villi)
Which parts of the gut contain plica circularis?
Jejunum, ileum (like haustra of colon but less-spaced)
Which part of the small intestine has the most goblet cells?
Ileum
colon has tons of them too
Which part of the gut contains peter patches?
Ileum (lamina propria, submucosa)
What is the shunt of esophageal varices?
Left gastric (backed up into esophageal branches) shunts to azygos vein
What is the shunt of caput medusae?
Paraumbilical shunts to small epigastric veins (of ant abdominal wall)
What is the shunt of anorectal varices?
Superior rectal (from inf mesenteric) shunts to middle and inferior rectal veins
What is the surgical soln to portal HTN?
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) b/w portal vein and hepatic vein
(bypasses malfunctioning liver)
Where are stellate cells found?
What is their fcn when quiescent?
What is their fcn when activated?
Space of Disse (lymphatic drainage) in liver
Store vitamin A
Produce ECM
Which hepatic zone is affected by yellow fever?
Zone II
yeLLow fever
Which liver zone has the CYP450 system?
Which zone is affected by viral hepatitis first?
Which zone is the site of alcoholic hepatitis?
Zone 3 (pericentral vein / centrilobular)
Zone 1 (periportal)
Zone 3
Which liver zone is more affected by ingested toxins? Metabolic toxins?
Ingested: zone I (1ngested)
Metabolic: zone III (3etabolic)
What makes up the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius m.
Adductor longus m.
What is the spermatic cord made up of?
“ICE tie” (internal to external)
Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
Cremasteric muscle and fascia (internal oblique)
External spermatic fascia (external oblique)
What’s are the fcns of GIP?
AKA glucose-dependent insulotropic peptide
- Decreases gastric H+ secretion
- Increases insulin release
What are the differences in pancreatic fluid composition in low flow vs high flow states?
Low flow = high Cl-
High flow = high HCO3-
What are the constituents of bile?
Bile salts (bile acids conjugated to taurine or glycine to make water-soluble) Phospholipids Cholesterol Bilirubin Water Ions
What enzyme catalyzes the RLS of bile acid synthesis?
Cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase
What % of conjugated bilirubin gets recycled?
20% (90% of which send to liver, 10% urinated out as urobilin); 80% stercobilin, pooped out
