Cardiovascular Flashcards
What’s the difference b/w Romano-Ward syndrome and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome?
Both congenital QT prolongation syndromes (Torsades)
* JLN causes sensorineural deafness, RW doesn’t.
What is Brugada syndrome?
Pseudo RBB + ST elevations V1-V3
- Increased risk v-tac and sudden death
- Most common in asians
- Prevent death w/ICD
What’s the most common ventricular pre-excitation syndrome?
What’s the characteristic sign on EKG?
WPW
- Uses bundle of Kent to bypass AV Node
- Characteristic delta waves seen
How does adenosine act on the vessels?
Vasodilator
List the 5 congenital heart diseases that cause R -> L shunts.
5 T's Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel) Transposition (2 switched vessels) Tricuspid atresia (tri = 3) Tetrology of Fallot (tetra = 4) TAPVR (5 letters: total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
Which has early and which late cyanosis: L -> R shunt vs R -> L shunt
L -> R = LateR
R -> L = eaRLy
Infant of a diabetic mother is a/w what cardiac abnormality?
Transposition of the great vessels
Most common mutation to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
AD mutation to beta-myosin heavy chain
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
ABCCCD Alcohol abuse Beri Beri (wet) Coxsackie B Cocaine (chronic) Chagas disease Doxorubicin \+ Hemochromatosis \+ Sarcoidosis \+ Peri-partum
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- Sarcoidosis (also cause of dilated)
- Amyloidosis
- Post-radiation fibrosis
- Endocardial elastosis
- Loffler syndrome (eosinophils in lung s/p parasite)
- Hemochromatosis (dilated is more common)
How is the EDV altered in diastolic heart dysfunction?
Nl
3 best treatments to reduce HF?
ACEI’s/ARBs
Beta-blockers (unless acute decompensated type)
Spironolactone
(thiazide and loop diuretics for symptomatic relief)
What are the 3 types of “distributive” shock?
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
What are the unique findings in bacterial endocarditis? (recall mnemonic)
“FROM JANE”
Fever
Roth spots (round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage)
Osler nodes (tender, raised, on finger and toe pads)
Murmur (new)
Janeway lesions (painless, red, palms and soles)
Anemia
Nailbed (splinter) hemorrhage
Emboli
+ Glomerulonephritis
4 bugs you’d see in bacterial endocarditis, and when?
S. aureas (acute)
Strep viridans (subacute, must be previously altered)
S. bovis (gallolyticus) - colon cancer
S. epidermidis (prosthetic valves)
Culture negative: coxiella, bartonella, or HACEK (H. flu, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella)