Micro

Question 1

Name 5 toxins that’s genes are encoded by a lysogenic phage (“transduction”)

Answer 1

ABCD'S
group A strep erythrogenic toxin
Botulism toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Shiga toxin

Question 2

What is it called when an F+ plasmid incorporates into bacterial c’somal DNA?

Answer 2

High-frequency recombination (Hfr), (which can conjugate plasmid to a cell w/flanking DNA, eg an abx-resistance gene)

Question 3

Where are exotoxin genes located?

Answer 3

Plasmid or bacteriophage

Question 4

What types of bacteria have endotoxin?

Answer 4

Gram-neg

Lipid A of LPS
(no toxoids formed, no vaccines available)

Question 5

Which are more heat stable, endo or exotoxins?

Answer 5

Endotoxins

Question 6

What is the MoA of LPS/LOS?

Answer 6

Induces TNF, IL-1, IL-6 –> meninogococcemia, sepsis (gram-neg rods)

Question 7

What are the 4 main gram-positive bacilli?

Answer 7

Listeria
Corynebacterium
Bacillus (spores)
Clostridium (spores, anaerobic)

Question 8

What is the formula for wall tension?

Answer 8

(Laplace’s law)

Wall tension = (P x r) / (2 x wall thickness)