Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the modes of drug delivery?

Answer 1

Topical
Systemic
Parenteral
Transdermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Transmucosal

Question 2

What are the hazards of drug administration?

Answer 2

Allergy
Drug-drug interactions
Acute toxic reactions
Prescribing errors

Question 3

What are the four modes of drug administration?

Answer 3

Receptor Activation/Blockage
Enzyme Activation/Blockage
Ion Channel Opening/Blockage
Transport System Facilitation/Blockage

Question 4

What are the four types of drug?

Answer 4

Agonists
Partial Agonists
Competitive antagonist
Non competitive antagonist

Question 5

How do agonist drugs work?

Answer 5

They bind the receptor

Question 6

How do competitive antagonists work?

Answer 6

Binds to same site as agonist but does not activate it

Question 7

How do non-competitive antagonists works?

Answer 7

Bind allosteric site of receptor

Question 8

What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 8

What the drug does to the body

Question 9

What does ADMET stand for?

Answer 9

Administration
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity

Question 10

What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?

Answer 10

What the drug does to the body

Question 11

What is the definition of bioavailability?

Answer 11

The amount of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 12

What are the advantages of oral drug administration?

Answer 12

Social acceptance
Drug formulation adjustments
Self medications

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of oral drug administration?

Answer 13

Slow onset
Variable absorption
First pass metabolism

Question 14

What are the advantages of IV/IM drug administration?

Answer 14

Rapid onset
Predictable plasma levels
No first pass metabolism

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of IV/IM drug administration?

Answer 15

Severe allergic reactions
Short action duration
Access difficulties
Expensive

Question 16

What are the advantages of transdermal/subcutaneous drug administration?

Answer 16

No first pass metabolism
Localised allergic reactions
Prolonged action
Self medication

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of transdermal/subcutaneous drug administration?

Answer 17

Slow onset
Expensive
Variable effects

Question 18

What is first pass metabolism?

Answer 18

Where part of the drug is metabolised in the liver

Question 19

What is drug distribution dependent on?

Answer 19

Blood flow
Vessel wall barrier
Active secretion to tissue

Question 20

What is one compartment drug distribution?

Answer 20

Drug is evenly distributed throughout body

Question 21

What is two compartment drug distribution?

Answer 21

Drug in equilibrum with different tissues

Question 22

Where does drug metabolism occur?

Answer 22

In the liver and plasma

Question 23

What is the definition of plasma half life?

Answer 23

The time taken to eliminate half of the drug

Question 24

What is first order kinetics?

Answer 24

Drug metabolism increases as drug concentration increases

Question 25

What is zero order kinetics?

Answer 25

Drug metabolism is at a fixed rate regardless of concentration

Question 26

What is the end result of zero order kinetics?

Answer 26

Drug accumulation

Question 27

What is the % of articane?

Answer 27

4%

Question 28

What is the % of lidocaine?

Answer 28

2%

Question 29

What is the max dose of articaine?

Answer 29

7mg/kg

Question 30

What is the max dose of lidocaine?

Answer 30

4.4mg/kg