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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the carotid sinus?

A

Situated on the internal carotid artery

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2
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

Contains baroreceptors that regulate blood pressure

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3
Q

What is sibson’s fascia?

A

A suprapleural membrane of fibrous connective tissue that acts as a barrier to prevent intrapleural pressure changes

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4
Q

What are three branches of the aortic arch?

A

Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid
Right brachiocephalic

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5
Q

What are three branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical artery
Internal thoracic artery

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6
Q

What is a branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical artery

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7
Q

What is a branch of the third part of the subclavian?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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8
Q

What are two neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline

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9
Q

What are the three features of the presentation of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Constriction of pupil (miosis)
Drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis)
Anhydrosis

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10
Q

What do scalp infections spread by?

A

Emissary veins

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11
Q

Why does lymph in the scalp and external ear drain to?

A

Parotid and mastoid nodes

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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13
Q

What are the three cranial meningues?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pía mater

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14
Q

What is the function of the dura mater?

A

Limits movement of the brain

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15
Q

Where does the insula lie?

A

Beneath the lateral sulcus

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16
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A

Speech production

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17
Q

What is the function of Wernickes area?

A

Understanding speech

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18
Q

What are three examples of pituitary hormones?

A

Growth hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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19
Q

What are the signs of anterior cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Contralateral motor and sensory loss involving leg and foot

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20
Q

What is the innervation of upper 4-5?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve

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21
Q

What is the innervation of upper 1-3?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve

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22
Q

What is the innervation of upper 6-8

A

Posterior superior alveolar

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23
Q

What is the innervation of lower 1-4?

A

Incisive branch of inferior alveolar

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24
Q

What is the innervation of lower 5-8?

A

Main trunk of inferior alveolar

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25
What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 1-3?
Anterior superior alveolar
26
What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 4-5?
Middle superior alveolar
27
What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 6-8?
Posterior superior alveolar
28
What is the innervation of the palatal gingiva of upper 1-3?
Nasopalatine
29
What is the innervation of the palatal gingiva of upper 4-8?
Greater palatine
30
What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of lower 1-5?
Mental
31
What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of lower 6-8?
Buccal
32
What is the innervation of the lingual gingiva of the lowers?
Lingual nerve
33
What are the cranial nerves?
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
34
What does the olfactory nerve do?
Sense of smell
35
Where in the skull is the olfactory nerve?
Cribiform plate
36
What does the optic nerve do?
Sense of sight
37
Where in the skull is the optic nerve?
Optic canal
38
What does the oculomotor nerve do?
Eye motor
39
Where in the skull is the oculomotor nerve?
Superior orbital fissure
40
What does the trochlear nerve do?
Eye motor
41
Where in the skull is the trochlear nerve?
Superior orbital fissure
42
What does the trigeminal nerve do?
Face sensory and motor
43
Where in the skull is the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
Superior orbital fissure
44
Where in the skull is the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Foramen rotundum
45
Where in the skull is the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Foramen ovale
46
What is the function of the abducens nerve?
Eye motor
47
Where in the skull is the abducens nerve?
Superior orbital fissure
48
What is the function of the facial nerve?
Face motor
49
Where in the skull is the facial nerve?
Internal acoustic meatusW
50
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Hearing and balance
51
Where in the skull is the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Internal acoustic meatus
52
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Oropharynx sensory Tongue taste
53
Where in the skull is the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Jugular foramen
54
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
Pharynx and larynx Heart and lungs
55
Where in the skull is the vagus nerve?
Jugular foramen
56
What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?
SCM and trapezius motor
57
Where in the skull is the spinal accessory nerve?
Jugular foramen
58
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Tongue motor
59
Where in the skull is the hypoglossal nerve?
Hypoglossal canal
60
61
What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?
Temporal fossa
62
What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?
Temporal fossa
63
What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?
Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus
64
What is the function of the temporalis muscle?
Elevates and retracts the mandible
65
What is the origin of the masseter?
Maxillary process of zygomatic and anterior 2/3 of inferior zygomatic arch
66
What is the insertion of the masseter?
Angle and lateral surface of the mandible
67
What is the function of the masseter?
Elevates the mandible
68
What is the origin of the deep head of the medial pterygoid?
Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
69
What is the origin of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid?
Maxillary tuberosity
70
What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?
Medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
71
What is the function of the medial pterygoid?
Elevation and lateral movement of the mandible
72
What is the origin of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid?
Infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
73
What is the origin of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid?
Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid
74
What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?
TMJ capsule
75
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?
Protrusion, lateral and depression of the mandible
76
What are the branches of the maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal Inferior alveolar Masseteric Deep temporal Buccal Post superior alveolar Infra-orbital Descending palatine
77
What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?
Posterior superior alveolar Middle superior alveolar Anterior superior alveolar Infra orbital Greater palatine Lesser palatine Nasopalatine
78
What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?
Inferior alveolar Incisive Lingual Long buccal Auriculotemporal Meningeal Nerve to tensor tympani Masseteric Deep temporal Medial pterygoid
79
What is the position of the masseter in relation to the zygomatic arch?
Medial
80
What are the causes of ptosis?
CN III palsy Horners syndrome
81
What are the differences between horners syndrome and CN III palsy?
CN III- dilated pupil Horners syndrome- constructed pupil
82
What is the Caldwell luc technique?
Hole drilled into sinus to allow pus drainage
83
What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis?
Bacterial infection in the face that spreads to cavernous sinus via sphenoid emissary vein
84
How does a glossopharyngeal palsy present?
Loss of taste posterior 1/3 tongue Pharyngeal numbness
85
How does a vagus palsy present?
Paralysis on side of palate Dysphasia Hoarse voice
86
How does a spinal accessory palsy present?
SCM and trapezius dysfunction
87
How does hypoglossal palsy present?
Tongue deviates to affected side
88
What is the function of the aryepiglottic muscle?
Closes fold
89
What is the function of the cricoaryepiglottic?
Opens fold
90
What is the motor function of the vagus nerve?
Pharynx Larynx Palate GIT Chest organs
91
What is the sensory function of the vagus nerve?
Tongue External auditory meatus
92
Where does the greater auricular nerve innervate?
Auricle of ear Skin over parotid gland and mastoid process
93
What is the function of genioglossis?
Protrudes tongue
94
What innervates the carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal
95
Where do fish bones get caught?
Piriform fossa Vallecula
96
What are the infra hyoid muscles?
Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid
97
What are the brachial/pharyngeal arches and their associated nerves?
1. Maxillary 2. Facial 3. Glossopharyngeal 4. Vagus 6. Vagus
98
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
99
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hyoglossal Styloglossal Palatoglossal Genioglossal
100
What are the supra hyoid muscles?
Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric
101
What are the infra hyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
102
What is a synchondrosis?
Cartilaginous joint between bones
103
What is an ossification centre?
Starting point for bone growth
104
What are the fontanelles and when do they close?
1 Posterior (1-3 months) 2 Sphenoidal (ant.lat) (6 months) 2 Mastoid (post.lat) (6-18 months) 1 Anterior (2 years)
105
What are fontanelles?
Membranous areas between bones of the calvarium
106
What are sutures?
Tough fibrous joints between cranial bone

Finals (20 decks)

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