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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the carotid sinus?

A

Situated on the internal carotid artery

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2
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

Contains baroreceptors that regulate blood pressure

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3
Q

What is sibson’s fascia?

A

A suprapleural membrane of fibrous connective tissue that acts as a barrier to prevent intrapleural pressure changes

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4
Q

What are three branches of the aortic arch?

A

Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid
Right brachiocephalic

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5
Q

What are three branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical artery
Internal thoracic artery

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6
Q

What is a branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical artery

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7
Q

What is a branch of the third part of the subclavian?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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8
Q

What are two neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline

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9
Q

What are the three features of the presentation of Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Constriction of pupil (miosis)
Drooping of superior eyelid (ptosis)
Anhydrosis

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10
Q

What do scalp infections spread by?

A

Emissary veins

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11
Q

Why does lymph in the scalp and external ear drain to?

A

Parotid and mastoid nodes

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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13
Q

What are the three cranial meningues?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pía mater

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14
Q

What is the function of the dura mater?

A

Limits movement of the brain

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15
Q

Where does the insula lie?

A

Beneath the lateral sulcus

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16
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A

Speech production

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17
Q

What is the function of Wernickes area?

A

Understanding speech

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18
Q

What are three examples of pituitary hormones?

A

Growth hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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19
Q

What are the signs of anterior cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Contralateral motor and sensory loss involving leg and foot

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20
Q

What is the innervation of upper 4-5?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve

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21
Q

What is the innervation of upper 1-3?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve

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22
Q

What is the innervation of upper 6-8

A

Posterior superior alveolar

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23
Q

What is the innervation of lower 1-4?

A

Incisive branch of inferior alveolar

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24
Q

What is the innervation of lower 5-8?

A

Main trunk of inferior alveolar

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 1-3?

A

Anterior superior alveolar

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 4-5?

A

Middle superior alveolar

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of upper 6-8?

A

Posterior superior alveolar

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the palatal gingiva of upper 1-3?

A

Nasopalatine

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the palatal gingiva of upper 4-8?

A

Greater palatine

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of lower 1-5?

A

Mental

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31
Q

What is the innervation of the buccal/labial gingiva of lower 6-8?

A

Buccal

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the lingual gingiva of the lowers?

A

Lingual nerve

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33
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal

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34
Q

What does the olfactory nerve do?

A

Sense of smell

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35
Q

Where in the skull is the olfactory nerve?

A

Cribiform plate

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36
Q

What does the optic nerve do?

A

Sense of sight

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37
Q

Where in the skull is the optic nerve?

A

Optic canal

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38
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve do?

A

Eye motor

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39
Q

Where in the skull is the oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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40
Q

What does the trochlear nerve do?

A

Eye motor

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41
Q

Where in the skull is the trochlear nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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42
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve do?

A

Face sensory and motor

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43
Q

Where in the skull is the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

44
Q

Where in the skull is the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Foramen rotundum

45
Q

Where in the skull is the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Foramen ovale

46
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

47
Q

Where in the skull is the abducens nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

48
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Face motor

49
Q

Where in the skull is the facial nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatusW

50
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Hearing and balance

51
Q

Where in the skull is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

52
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Oropharynx sensory
Tongue taste

53
Q

Where in the skull is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

54
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

Pharynx and larynx
Heart and lungs

55
Q

Where in the skull is the vagus nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

56
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

SCM and trapezius motor

57
Q

Where in the skull is the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

58
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Tongue motor

59
Q

Where in the skull is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Hypoglossal canal

61
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

62
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

63
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?

A

Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus

64
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible

65
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

Maxillary process of zygomatic and anterior 2/3 of inferior zygomatic arch

66
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter?

A

Angle and lateral surface of the mandible

67
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates the mandible

68
Q

What is the origin of the deep head of the medial pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

69
Q

What is the origin of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid?

A

Maxillary tuberosity

70
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

71
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevation and lateral movement of the mandible

72
Q

What is the origin of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid

73
Q

What is the origin of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid

74
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

TMJ capsule

75
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protrusion, lateral and depression of the mandible

76
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

Middle meningeal
Inferior alveolar
Masseteric
Deep temporal
Buccal
Post superior alveolar
Infra-orbital
Descending palatine

77
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Posterior superior alveolar
Middle superior alveolar
Anterior superior alveolar
Infra orbital
Greater palatine
Lesser palatine
Nasopalatine

78
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar
Incisive
Lingual
Long buccal
Auriculotemporal
Meningeal
Nerve to tensor tympani
Masseteric
Deep temporal
Medial pterygoid

79
Q

What is the position of the masseter in relation to the zygomatic arch?

80
Q

What are the causes of ptosis?

A

CN III palsy
Horners syndrome

81
Q

What are the differences between horners syndrome and CN III palsy?

A

CN III- dilated pupil
Horners syndrome- constructed pupil

82
Q

What is the Caldwell luc technique?

A

Hole drilled into sinus to allow pus drainage

83
Q

What is a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Bacterial infection in the face that spreads to cavernous sinus via sphenoid emissary vein

84
Q

How does a glossopharyngeal palsy present?

A

Loss of taste posterior 1/3 tongue
Pharyngeal numbness

85
Q

How does a vagus palsy present?

A

Paralysis on side of palate
Dysphasia
Hoarse voice

86
Q

How does a spinal accessory palsy present?

A

SCM and trapezius dysfunction

87
Q

How does hypoglossal palsy present?

A

Tongue deviates to affected side

88
Q

What is the function of the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Closes fold

89
Q

What is the function of the cricoaryepiglottic?

A

Opens fold

90
Q

What is the motor function of the vagus nerve?

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Palate
GIT
Chest organs

91
Q

What is the sensory function of the vagus nerve?

A

Tongue
External auditory meatus

92
Q

Where does the greater auricular nerve innervate?

A

Auricle of ear
Skin over parotid gland and mastoid process

93
Q

What is the function of genioglossis?

A

Protrudes tongue

94
Q

What innervates the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal

95
Q

Where do fish bones get caught?

A

Piriform fossa
Vallecula

96
Q

What are the infra hyoid muscles?

A

Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

97
Q

What are the brachial/pharyngeal arches and their associated nerves?

A
  1. Maxillary
  2. Facial
  3. Glossopharyngeal
  4. Vagus
  5. Vagus
98
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Transverse
Longitudinal
Vertical

99
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hyoglossal
Styloglossal
Palatoglossal
Genioglossal

100
Q

What are the supra hyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric

101
Q

What are the infra hyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

102
Q

What is a synchondrosis?

A

Cartilaginous joint between bones

103
Q

What is an ossification centre?

A

Starting point for bone growth

104
Q

What are the fontanelles and when do they close?

A

1 Posterior (1-3 months)
2 Sphenoidal (ant.lat) (6 months)
2 Mastoid (post.lat) (6-18 months)
1 Anterior (2 years)

105
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Membranous areas between bones of the calvarium

106
Q

What are sutures?

A

Tough fibrous joints between cranial bone

Finals (20 decks)

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