Pharmacology Flashcards
Simply put, what do vasopressors do?
These agents constrict peripheral arteries, increasing diastolic blood pressure, which helps increase both coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures by diverting blood to the core (heart, lungs, brain).
Describe the effects of epinephrine
It exerts its vasoconstriction effects via stimulation of the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on peripheral vessels (beneficial during CPR).
It also acts on beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic AGONIST. The beta effects include increasing myocardial oxygen demand due to increased heart rate, and depression of myocardial function in the post-resuscitative stage. They are also proarrhythmic.
What is atropine?
What is lidocaine?
What is amiodarone?
What is magnesium?
What is esmolol?
What is procainamide?
What are the effects of steroids on the body?
First generation cephalosporins are effective against which bacteria organisms? Aerobic or anaerobic? Give a drug example.
Anaerobic gram-positive organisms with weak gram-negative activity.
Example includes cefazolin and cephalexin and they penetrate tissues well.
Second-generation cephalosporins cover what time of bacteria? Aerobic or anerobic? Give examples.
They cover gram-positive aerobic and anerobic with enhanced gram-negative coverage.
Examples include cefoxitin.
These are NOT considered broad spectrum.
Describe the effects and coverage of third-generation cephalosporins.
Considered broad-spectrum and have enhanced anerobic, beta-lactamase, gram-negative coverage and cross the blood-brain barrier.
Often used in CNS infections and includes ceftazidime and cefpodoxime.
List the two carbapenems approved in vet med. What are they effective against?
Imipenem and meropenem.
Effective against gram-positive and negative bacteria, anerobic bacteria, and effective against beta-lactamase-resistant pathogens.
List the two common aminoglycoside antimicrobials used in vet med. What do they cover?
Gentamicin and amikacin.
They cover most gram-negative aerobic bacteria but not against anaerobic or most gram-positive bacteria.
What induction drug is a neuroactive steroid?
Alfaxalone
