Cardiology Flashcards
What is the natriuretic peptide system and what role does in play in heart failure?
Natriureses = excretion of sodium
It serves as a counter regulatory system to the RAAS and SNS.
ANP = Atrial natriuretic peptide
BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide
Both are produced in response to the stretch and stress of myocardial tissue. MT produces hormones that induce natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation.
What are the four disease processes occurring in Tetrology of Fallot?
- Ventricular septal defect
- Overriding aorta
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
Causes oxygen-poor blood to circulate to the rest of the body.
Pneumonic: Very Obvious Purple Reading
Define preload and what it means when it is increased.
Preload is the amount of STRETCH experienced by cardiac myocytes at the end of ventricular filling during diastole
- blood that is returning to the heart
- will be increased in CHF and decrease in hypovolemia
What happens when it’s increased???*
Define contractility and some drugs that can cause positive inotropy (contractility).
The intrinsic property of the myocardial cell or the strength/ability of the heart to contract. This increased with SNS activation and decreases in heart failure.
Medications include:
Pimobenden (inodilator and + inotrope)
What electrolyte is released during action potential?
Action potential causes calcium release, calcium release causes muscle contraction.
What is a PDA?
Patent ductus arteriosus is a heart defect where there is an opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which should close after birth after the first breath.
Due to this defect, less blood volume makes its way into circulation because oxygenated blood is being recycled back into the lungs from the pulmonary artery.
This ultimately causes the heart to have to work harder to pump blood out to the body and will result in CHF if not surgically corrected.
